Introduction to Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

Which branch of chemistry is primarily concerned with studying the chemical processes that occur within living organisms?

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry (correct)
  • Physical Chemistry

A scientist observes that a substance readily reacts with an acid. This observation is related to which type of property?

  • Physical Property
  • Chemical Property (correct)
  • State of Matter
  • Intensive Property

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

  • Burning wood
  • Melting ice (correct)
  • Rusting of iron
  • Decomposition of organic matter

Which of the following mixtures is considered homogeneous?

<p>Saltwater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A compound is composed of two elements, X and Y, chemically combined in a fixed ratio. If element X has properties very different from those of the compound, what does this indicate?

<p>The compound has properties entirely distinct from those of elements X and Y. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter is characterized by having neither a definite shape nor a definite volume?

<p>Gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a chemical formula, such as $H_2SO_4$, represent?

<p>A compound made of hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen bonded in a specific ratio. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical equation, what do the symbols and formulas primarily represent?

<p>The symbolic representations and quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, 10 grams of reactant A combine with reactant B to produce product C. If 5 grams of reactant B were used and no other products were formed, what mass of product C would you expect, based on the law of conservation of mass?

<p>15 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between heat and temperature?

<p>Heat is the transfer of thermal energy, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemist performs three successive titrations and obtains the following volumes: 20.00 mL, 20.01 mL, and 20.02 mL. If the true value was known to be 22.00 mL, how would you describe the results?

<p>Precise but not accurate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures are present in the measurement 0.01020 m?

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes what happens when an atom becomes an anion?

<p>It gains electrons and acquires a negative charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Element X has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. Which of the following statements correctly describes Element X?

<p>It is an isotope of chlorine with a mass number of 35. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond is characterized by the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

<p>Covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas represents an empirical formula?

<p>CH2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the following reaction: $2H_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow 2H_2O(g)$, which substances are the reactants?

<p>$H_2$ and $O_2$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is an example of an endothermic reaction?

<p>Melting ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Chemistry?

The study of matter, its properties, and how it changes.

What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

Analytical Chemistry

Focuses on the composition of substances.

Physical Properties

Characteristics observed without changing the substance's composition.

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Physical Changes

Alter the form of a substance without changing its chemical makeup.

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Homogeneous Mixtures

Have uniform composition throughout.

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Elements

Simplest form of matter; cannot be broken down chemically.

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Compounds

Two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

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Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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Energy

The ability to do work or produce heat.

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Potential Energy

Energy stored due to position or composition.

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Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion.

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Protons

Positively charged particles in the nucleus.

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Neutrons

Neutrally charged particles in the nucleus.

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Electrons

Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.

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Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

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Cations

Ions with a positive charge.

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Study Notes

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Description

Overview of chemistry: the study of matter, its properties, and changes. Covers branches like analytical, organic, and physical chemistry. Also describes states of matter and physical/chemical properties.

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