Introduction to Chemistry Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polyester materials?

Dries quickly

Crease resistant

Regenerated cellulose fibre (correct)

Easy to clean

Soap lathers with both hard and soft water.

False

Name two medicinal substances that can be used as antacids.

Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate

_________ juice can be used to remove stains from fabrics.

Lemon Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stain removers with their respective stains or uses:

Lemon juice = Used for removing stains from fabrics Hydrogen peroxide = Used as a mild bleaching agent Glycerine = Used to remove stains from wool Sodium hydroxide = Dissolves grease or oil Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of rayon?

Used to make carpets Signup and view all the answers

Detergents are synthetic and can lather with hard water.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are synthetic water-soluble cleaning agents made from?

Petroleum products Signup and view all the answers

Stain removers work by _________ the stains with a solvent.

dissolving Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of modern chemistry'?

Antoine Lavoisier Signup and view all the answers

Dimitri Mendeleev developed the periodic table based on atomic number.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main branches of chemistry?

Inorganic and Organic chemistry Signup and view all the answers

____ is an example of a food preservative used in jams and pickles.

Benzoic acid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their achievements:

Dimitri Mendeleev = Developed the periodic table Antoine Lavoisier = Discovered oxygen John Dalton = Compiled the atomic theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use for fertilizers?

Kill pests Signup and view all the answers

Terylene is a natural fiber used in clothing.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of food preservatives?

To prevent decomposition and reduce the risk of food borne diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Chemicals added to soil to kill pests are known as ____.

pesticides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of talcum powder in cosmetics?

Moisture absorption Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry studies substances, including their composition, preparation, and reactions.
Branches of chemistry include Inorganic and Organic chemistry.

Common Laboratory Apparatus

Familiarity with laboratory equipment is essential for conducting experiments and analyzing substances.

Scientists and Their Achievements

Dimitri Mendeleev: Developed the periodic table organized by atomic weight.
Antoine Lavoisier: Known as the Father of modern chemistry; discovered oxygen.
John Dalton: Formulated the Atomic theory of matter.

Importance of Chemistry

Agriculture:
- Fertilizers (e.g., Urea, phosphatic fertilizers) enhance soil fertility and provide nutrients.
- Pesticides (Herbicides, Insecticides) protect crops from pests.
Food:
- Food preservatives (e.g., Benzoic acid in jams, nitrates in meats) prevent spoilage and reduce disease risks while preserving nutritional quality.
Cosmetics:
- Talcum powder (made from magnesium, silicon, and oxygen) absorbs moisture and prevents rashes.
- Titanium dioxide provides mild sun protection as a natural pigment.
Clothing:
- Terylene, a synthetic fiber, is used for fashion garments and non-woven carpets.
- Synthetic fibers like nylon, rayon, and polyester are easy to clean, crease-resistant, and quick-drying.

Medicines

Chemistry plays a crucial role in preventing and treating diseases.
Common medicines include Aspirin, Paracetamol, Antacids, Iron supplements, and Vitamin B12.

Cleansing Agents

Cleansing agents consist of water-soluble substances from vegetable oils and synthetic products combined with sodium or potassium hydroxide.
Soaps lather in soft water but not in hard water; detergents lather in both water types.

Rayon

Rayon is a versatile fabric used in carpets, bedsheets, and various textile products, including ropes and brushes.

Stain Removal

Stain removal involves dissolving marks or stains from fabrics using solvents.
Effective stain removers include:
- Lemon juice: Removes stains from fabrics.
- Hydrogen peroxide: Acts as a mild bleaching agent.
- Glycerine: Useful for removing stains from wool.
- Sodium hydroxide: Dissolves grease and acts as a drain cleaner.
- Boiling water: Softens fruit juice stains on fabrics.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of chemistry, including its branches, key laboratory apparatus, and notable scientists who have made significant contributions to the field. This quiz also covers the applications of chemistry in agriculture, food preservation, and cosmetics.