Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polyester materials?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polyester materials?
- Dries quickly
- Crease resistant
- Regenerated cellulose fibre (correct)
- Easy to clean
Soap lathers with both hard and soft water.
Soap lathers with both hard and soft water.
False (B)
Name two medicinal substances that can be used as antacids.
Name two medicinal substances that can be used as antacids.
Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate
_________ juice can be used to remove stains from fabrics.
_________ juice can be used to remove stains from fabrics.
Match the following stain removers with their respective stains or uses:
Match the following stain removers with their respective stains or uses:
What is a common use of rayon?
What is a common use of rayon?
Detergents are synthetic and can lather with hard water.
Detergents are synthetic and can lather with hard water.
What are synthetic water-soluble cleaning agents made from?
What are synthetic water-soluble cleaning agents made from?
Stain removers work by _________ the stains with a solvent.
Stain removers work by _________ the stains with a solvent.
Who is known as the 'Father of modern chemistry'?
Who is known as the 'Father of modern chemistry'?
Dimitri Mendeleev developed the periodic table based on atomic number.
Dimitri Mendeleev developed the periodic table based on atomic number.
What are the two main branches of chemistry?
What are the two main branches of chemistry?
____ is an example of a food preservative used in jams and pickles.
____ is an example of a food preservative used in jams and pickles.
Match the following scientists with their achievements:
Match the following scientists with their achievements:
Which of the following is NOT a use for fertilizers?
Which of the following is NOT a use for fertilizers?
Terylene is a natural fiber used in clothing.
Terylene is a natural fiber used in clothing.
What is the purpose of food preservatives?
What is the purpose of food preservatives?
Chemicals added to soil to kill pests are known as ____.
Chemicals added to soil to kill pests are known as ____.
Which of the following is a use of talcum powder in cosmetics?
Which of the following is a use of talcum powder in cosmetics?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Chemistry
- Chemistry studies substances, including their composition, preparation, and reactions.
- Branches of chemistry include Inorganic and Organic chemistry.
Common Laboratory Apparatus
- Familiarity with laboratory equipment is essential for conducting experiments and analyzing substances.
Scientists and Their Achievements
- Dimitri Mendeleev: Developed the periodic table organized by atomic weight.
- Antoine Lavoisier: Known as the Father of modern chemistry; discovered oxygen.
- John Dalton: Formulated the Atomic theory of matter.
Importance of Chemistry
-
Agriculture:
- Fertilizers (e.g., Urea, phosphatic fertilizers) enhance soil fertility and provide nutrients.
- Pesticides (Herbicides, Insecticides) protect crops from pests.
-
Food:
- Food preservatives (e.g., Benzoic acid in jams, nitrates in meats) prevent spoilage and reduce disease risks while preserving nutritional quality.
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Cosmetics:
- Talcum powder (made from magnesium, silicon, and oxygen) absorbs moisture and prevents rashes.
- Titanium dioxide provides mild sun protection as a natural pigment.
-
Clothing:
- Terylene, a synthetic fiber, is used for fashion garments and non-woven carpets.
- Synthetic fibers like nylon, rayon, and polyester are easy to clean, crease-resistant, and quick-drying.
Medicines
- Chemistry plays a crucial role in preventing and treating diseases.
- Common medicines include Aspirin, Paracetamol, Antacids, Iron supplements, and Vitamin B12.
Cleansing Agents
- Cleansing agents consist of water-soluble substances from vegetable oils and synthetic products combined with sodium or potassium hydroxide.
- Soaps lather in soft water but not in hard water; detergents lather in both water types.
Rayon
- Rayon is a versatile fabric used in carpets, bedsheets, and various textile products, including ropes and brushes.
Stain Removal
- Stain removal involves dissolving marks or stains from fabrics using solvents.
- Effective stain removers include:
- Lemon juice: Removes stains from fabrics.
- Hydrogen peroxide: Acts as a mild bleaching agent.
- Glycerine: Useful for removing stains from wool.
- Sodium hydroxide: Dissolves grease and acts as a drain cleaner.
- Boiling water: Softens fruit juice stains on fabrics.
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