Introduction to Cell Biology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary role of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Synthesizing proteins for use within the cell.
Storing the cell's genetic material.
Generating energy through cellular respiration.
Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell. (correct)

How do the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) differ in function?

RER contains ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, while SER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis. (correct)
RER processes and packages proteins, while SER transports proteins.
RER is involved in detoxification, while SER is involved in protein folding.
RER synthesizes lipids, while SER synthesizes proteins.

A cell is observed to have a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Based on these characteristics, how should it be classified?

As a primitive cell type lacking complex organelles.
As a viral particle, capable of infecting other cells.
As a prokaryotic cell, belonging to either Bacteria or Archaea.
As a eukaryotic cell, belonging to the domain Eukarya. (correct)

After being synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, a protein needs further modification and packaging before being sent to its final destination. Which organelle is responsible for this process?

Golgi apparatus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?

To regulate the transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do gap junctions facilitate intercellular communication?

By allowing the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a cell were treated with a drug that inhibits the function of lysosomes, which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Degradation of damaged cellular components. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the roles of both microtubules and actin filaments in a cell?

Both are involved in cell motility, intracellular transport, and maintaining cell shape. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells in terms of their differentiation potential?

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the body, while adult stem cells are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate into a limited number of cell types within a specific tissue. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Biology

The study of cells, including their structure, function, and behavior.

Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Plasma Membrane

A selectively permeable barrier made of a lipid bilayer, separating the cell's interior from its environment.