Introduction to C++ Programming

Introduction to C++

• C++ is a general-purpose programming language
• Developed as enhancement of C language
• Includes object-oriented programming paradigm (OOP)
• Compiled into machine code for execution on computers

Objectives

• Writing basic C++ programs
• Understanding input/output statements in C++
• Understanding fundamental computer memory concepts
• Utilizing arithmetic operators
• Grasping precedence of arithmetic operators
• Creating basic decision-making statements

Why Learn C++?

• Object-oriented programming language
• Maintains low-level memory access features of C, with new tools for easier management
• Powerful general-purpose language for both small and large applications

First Program in C++: Printing a Line of Text

• Demonstrates displaying messages on screen
• Explains commenting practices in C++ code
• Covers modifying the first C++ program
• How to obtain user input (explained later)
• Creating an integer addition program example in C++ (explained later)
• Shows simple C++ memory and arithmetic operations (explained later)

A Simple C++ Program

• #include <iostream>: Includes input/output operations from the iostream library
• using namespace std;: Uses the standard namespace, which is required for the iostream
• int main(): Entry point of the program
• Braces {}: Enclose the program code.
• cout << "Hello world!";: Prints "Hello world" to the console
• return 0;: Indicates successful program termination.

Another Simple Program

• Demonstrates a simple C++ program example.
• Includes #include, using namespace std, and int main()
• Includes cout << "Hi\n" to display "Hi" on the console
• Includes cout << "Hello world" to display "Hello world" on the console
• Includes return 0; which indicates successful program termination

Variables

• int: Stores integer numbers
• double: Stores fractional numbers up to 14 digits after the decimal point
• float: Stores fractional numbers up to 7 digits after the decimal point
• string: Stores text
• char: Stores single characters
• bool: Stores boolean values (true/false)

Another C++ Program Example

• This example shows how to declare and display a variable with the value 15 (an integer) on the screen

Additional Information

• Comments: Written using // or /* ... */
• New line: \n or endl moves the cursor to the next line