C++ Class Basics Quiz

Overview of C++ Language

• C++ is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language where everything revolves around classes and objects.
• Objects have attributes (data members) and methods (functions).

Classes and Objects

• A class serves as a user-defined data type; it acts as a blueprint to create objects.
• Example of creating a class:
  • Use the class keyword.
  • Define public access for members.
  • Attributes can be defined (e.g., int myNum, string myString).

Access Specifiers

• Access specifiers define the visibility of class members.
• The public specifier allows access to class members from outside the class.

Creating an Object

• An object is instantiated using the class as a template.
• Use the class name followed by the object name to create an object.
• Accessing attributes is done via the dot syntax (e.g., myObj.myNum).

Member Functions

• Functions defined within a class are called member functions.
• Member functions can access class attributes directly.

Constructors

• A constructor initializes object attributes upon creation.
• Types of constructors include:
  • Default Constructor: No parameters.
  • Parameterized Constructor: Accepts arguments to initialize attributes.
  • Copy Constructor: Initializes a new object as a copy of an existing object.

Destructor

• A destructor is invoked when an object goes out of scope.
• It cleans up resources or performs necessary final actions.

Function Overloading

• Function overloading allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameters within a class.

Inline Functions

• Inline functions are expanded in line at compile time to reduce the overhead of function calls.

this Pointer

• The this pointer refers to the current object within a member function.

Friend Functions and Friend Classes

• A friend function or class can access private and protected members of another class.

Example Program Structure

• Begin with #include directives for libraries.
• Define a class with attributes and methods.
• Create and manipulate an object in the main function.

Code Example Summary

• Creating an object of MyClass and accessing attributes shows practical application of the principles.
• Example of setting values and printing attributes demonstrates object manipulation in C++.