Introduction to C Programming

Introduction

• Algorithms are a set of instructions for solving a problem
• The structure of a C program includes preprocessor directives, functions, and a main function
• The first C program typically displays "Hello, World!" on the screen
• The compilation process translates C code into machine-readable instructions
• The execution process runs the compiled code

Tokens

• Keywords are reserved words with specific meanings in C
• Identifiers are names given to variables, functions, and other elements
• Variables store data that can change during program execution
• Constants store values that remain fixed throughout the program
• Strings are sequences of characters enclosed in double quotes
• The character set of a C program includes letters, digits, punctuation marks, and special symbols

Operators

• Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulo
• Relational operators compare values and return true or false (e.g., greater than, less than, equal to)
• Equality operators check for equality or inequality between values (e.g., equal to, not equal to)
• Logical operators combine conditions and return true or false (e.g., AND, OR, NOT)
• Unary operators operate on a single operand (e.g., negation, increment, decrement)
• Conditional operators evaluate expressions and return one of two values based on the result
• Bitwise operators perform operations on individual bits of data
• The comma operator separates expressions, and the evaluation proceeds from left to right
• Operator precedence determines the order of operations
• Associativity determines the grouping of operators with the same precedence
• Type conversion automatically converts data from one type to another
• Type casting explicitly converts data from one type to another

Decision Statements

• The if statement executes a block of code only if a condition is true
• The if-else statement executes one block of code if a condition is true and another block if it is false
• The if-else-if statement allows for multiple conditions to be evaluated
• The switch statement compares a variable to a set of values and executes the corresponding case

Iterative Statements

• The while loop repeats a block of code as long as a condition is true
• The do-while loop executes a block of code at least once and then repeats as long as a condition is true
• The for loop repeats a block of code a specified number of times
• Nested loops are loops within loops
• The break statement exits a loop prematurely
• The continue statement skips the current iteration of a loop and proceeds to the next iteration

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of C programming, including algorithms, program structure, and the compilation process. You'll also explore tokens, operators, and how they function within C code. Test your knowledge on how these elements come together to create effective C programs.