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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of erythrocytes?
What is the primary role of erythrocytes?
Which type of immunity is characterized by non-specific, inborn defenses?
Which type of immunity is characterized by non-specific, inborn defenses?
What is hematocrit a measure of?
What is hematocrit a measure of?
Which medical term refers to a decrease in the number of neutrophils?
Which medical term refers to a decrease in the number of neutrophils?
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Which of the following cells is responsible for humoral immunity?
Which of the following cells is responsible for humoral immunity?
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What does the term 'thrombosis' relate to?
What does the term 'thrombosis' relate to?
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Which of the following best describes autoimmune diseases?
Which of the following best describes autoimmune diseases?
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What is the role of immunoglobulins?
What is the role of immunoglobulins?
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What does the term 'phylaxis' refer to in a medical context?
What does the term 'phylaxis' refer to in a medical context?
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What condition is characterized by an exaggerated immune response?
What condition is characterized by an exaggerated immune response?
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Which of the following best describes 'autoantibodies'?
Which of the following best describes 'autoantibodies'?
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In the context of Iron Deficiency Anemia, which of the following is a typical treatment plan?
In the context of Iron Deficiency Anemia, which of the following is a typical treatment plan?
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What abnormal finding is indicated by symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath, and low hemoglobin levels?
What abnormal finding is indicated by symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath, and low hemoglobin levels?
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What does the prefix 'auto-' signify in medical terminology?
What does the prefix 'auto-' signify in medical terminology?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of Iron Deficiency Anemia?
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of Iron Deficiency Anemia?
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What does 'lymphadenopathy' refer to?
What does 'lymphadenopathy' refer to?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Blood
- Blood is a circulatory fluid transporting oxygen and nutrients, while removing waste products from tissues.
- It consists of 55% plasma (water, proteins, hormones) and 45% formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).
Blood Cells
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- White blood cells (leukocytes) are responsible for immunity and defense against infection.
- Platelets (thrombocytes) play a key role in blood clotting (hemostasis).
Immunity
- Immunity is the body's defense against harmful microorganisms and foreign substances.
- Innate immunity is non-specific and includes inborn defense mechanisms like skin and mucus.
- Adaptive immunity is acquired defense specific to certain pathogens.
Components of Adaptive Immunity
- T cells provide cell-mediated immunity by directly attacking foreign invaders.
- B cells are responsible for humoral immunity by producing antibodies.
Medical Terminology related to Blood
- Hem/o, Hemat/o: Refer to blood.
- Erythr/o: Refers to red.
- Thromb/o: Refers to clot.
- Leuk/o: Refers to white.
Medical Terminology related to Blood & Immunity
- Hematocrit: The proportion of red blood cells in the blood.
- Hemostasis: The process of stopping bleeding, including blood clot formation.
Medical Terminology related to Immunity
- Immun/o: Refers to immunity or the immune system.
- Immunization: The process of inducing immunity.
- Immunoglobulin (Ig): Antibody proteins that protect against infections.
- Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response.
- Antibody (Immunoglobulin): A protein produced by B cells that helps neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
- Neutropenia: A decrease in neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, making the body more vulnerable to infections.
- Eosinophil: A white blood cell type involved in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
- Lymphocyte: A white blood cell type involved in immune response.
Disorders Related to Blood
- Anemia: A deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
- Leukemia: Cancer involving overproduction of white blood cells.
Disorders Related to Immunity
- Autoimmune Diseases: The immune system attacks the body's own cells.
- Immunodeficiency Disorders: A weakened immune system, such as in HIV.
Medical Terminology Prefixes and Suffixes
- -phylaxis: Refers to protection or prevention.
- Lymph/o: Refers to lymph or the lymphatic system, part of the immune system.
- -globulin: Refers to proteins involved in immune response.
- Auto-: Prefix meaning "self."
- -cytosis: Refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells.
- Hypersensitivity: An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance.
Clinical Case: Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Patient: Jane Smith, 45 years old, office worker.
- Symptoms: Fatigue, shortness of breath on exertion, headaches, dizziness, especially when standing up quickly.
- Investigations: Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL (normal: 12-15 g/dL), Hematocrit: 28% (normal: 36-46%), Ferritin: 8 ng/mL (normal: 20-200 ng/mL), Low iron levels.
- Diagnosis: Iron deficiency anemia secondary to chronic blood loss from menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding).
- Treatment: Ferrous sulfate 325 mg PO daily for 3 months.
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Description
This quiz explores the key components of blood, including its makeup and functions, as well as the immune system's role in defending the body. It covers both innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting the functions of various blood cells such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Test your knowledge on how these components work together to maintain health.
