Podcast
Questions and Answers
Blood is the circulatory fluid that delivers oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products from ______.
Blood is the circulatory fluid that delivers oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products from ______.
tissues
Erythrocytes are also known as ______ blood cells.
Erythrocytes are also known as ______ blood cells.
red
Prophylaxis refers to ______ or prevention.
Prophylaxis refers to ______ or prevention.
protection
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic ______.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic ______.
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Leukocytes are also known as ______ blood cells.
Leukocytes are also known as ______ blood cells.
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Lymphocytes are a type of white blood ______ involved in immune response.
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood ______ involved in immune response.
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Thrombocytes play a key role in ______.
Thrombocytes play a key role in ______.
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Immunoglobulin refers to antibodies that play a critical role in immune ______.
Immunoglobulin refers to antibodies that play a critical role in immune ______.
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Innate immunity refers to non-specific, inborn defenses like ______ and mucus.
Innate immunity refers to non-specific, inborn defenses like ______ and mucus.
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T Cells provide ______-mediated immunity by directly attacking foreign invaders.
T Cells provide ______-mediated immunity by directly attacking foreign invaders.
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An autoimmune condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own ______.
An autoimmune condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own ______.
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Leukocytosis refers to an abnormal increase in the number of ______.
Leukocytosis refers to an abnormal increase in the number of ______.
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Immunoglobulin (Ig) refers to ______ proteins that protect against infections.
Immunoglobulin (Ig) refers to ______ proteins that protect against infections.
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Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells or ______.
Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells or ______.
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Iron deficiency anemia can result from chronic blood loss from ______.
Iron deficiency anemia can result from chronic blood loss from ______.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Blood
- Blood is a circulatory fluid that carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing waste products.
- Blood is made up of plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%).
- Plasma: Water, proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen), hormones
- Formed elements: Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes)
Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): Responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): Combat infections and provide immunity
- Thrombocytes (Platelets): Important for clotting (hemostasis)
Immunity
- Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against harmful microorganisms and foreign substances.
- Two main types of immunity:
- Innate immunity: Non-specific, inborn defenses such as the skin barrier and mucous membranes.
- Adaptive immunity: Acquired defense that is specific to certain pathogens.
Components of Adaptive Immunity
- T cells: Provide cell-mediated immunity, directly attacking foreign invaders
- B cells: Responsible for humoral immunity, producing antibodies
Medical Terminology Related to Blood
- Hem/o, Hemat/o: Blood (e.g., hemopathy)
- Erythr/o: Red (e.g., erythropoiesis)
- Thromb/o: Clot (e.g., thrombosis)
- Leuk/o: White (e.g., leukocytosis)
- Hematocrit: The proportion of red blood cells in the blood
- Hemostasis: The process of stopping bleeding, including blood clot formation
Medical Terminology Related to Immunity
- Immun/o: Refers to immunity or the immune system.
- Immunization: The process of inducing immunity.
- Immunoglobulin (Ig): Antibody proteins that protect against infections.
- Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response.
- Antibody (Immunoglobulin): A protein produced by B cells that helps neutralize pathogens.
Disorders Related to Blood
- Anemia: A deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
- Leukemia: Cancer involving the overproduction of white blood cells.
Disorders Related to Immunity
- Autoimmune diseases: The immune system attacks the body's own cells
- Immunodeficiency Disorders: A weakened immune system, as seen in HIV.
Clinical Case: Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Patient Name: Jane Smith
- Age: 45 years
- Gender: Female
- Occupation: Office Worker
- Presenting Complaint:
- 2-month history of fatigue, shortness of breath on exertion, and frequent headaches
- Increased dizziness, especially when standing up quickly
- Feeling unusually tired despite sleeping well
- Investigations:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC):
- Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dL (normal: 12-15 g/dL)
- Hematocrit: 28% (normal: 36-46%)
- Ferritin: 8 ng/mL (normal: 20-200 ng/mL)
- Iron levels: Low
- Complete Blood Count (CBC):
- Diagnosis: Iron deficiency anemia secondary to chronic blood loss from menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding)
- Treatment: Ferrous sulfate 325 mg PO daily for 3 months.
Additional Medical Terminology
- Neutropenia: A decrease in neutrophils (a type of white blood cell), increasing infection susceptibility.
- Eosinophil: A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
- Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell involved in immune response.
- -phylaxis: Refers to protection or prevention.
- Prophylaxis: Treatment or action to prevent disease.
- Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
- Lymph/o: Refers to lymph or lymphatic system.
- Lymphocyte: A type of WBC involved in immune response.
- Lymphadenopathy: Disease affecting the lymph nodes
- -globulin: Refers to proteins involved in immune response
- Immunoglobulin: Antibodies critical to the immune response.
- Gamma globulin: A substance containing antibodies for passive immunity.
- Auto-: Prefix meaning "self."
- Autoimmune: Immune system attacking the body's own tissues.
- Autoantibodies: Antibodies attacking the body's own cells.
- -cytosis: Refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells.
- Leukocytosis: An abnormal increase in WBCs.
- Hypersensitivity: An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance.
- Hypersensitivity reaction: Immune responses causing tissue damage (e.g., anaphylaxis).
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of blood components, including plasma and blood cells, along with the body's immune system. It delves into the roles of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes, as well as the distinction between innate and adaptive immunity. Test your knowledge on these vital biological systems.
