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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
- Fight infections
- Produce antibodies
- Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide (correct)
- Clot blood
Adaptive immunity is non-specific and inborn.
Adaptive immunity is non-specific and inborn.
False (B)
What term refers to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin?
What term refers to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin?
Anemia
The substance that triggers an immune response is called an ______.
The substance that triggers an immune response is called an ______.
Match the following terms related to blood cells with their functions:
Match the following terms related to blood cells with their functions:
What does the prefix 'Auto-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'Auto-' refer to?
Anaphylaxis is a mild allergic reaction.
Anaphylaxis is a mild allergic reaction.
What condition was Jane Smith diagnosed with?
What condition was Jane Smith diagnosed with?
The normal range for hemoglobin is typically between ______ g/dL.
The normal range for hemoglobin is typically between ______ g/dL.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Blood Definition and Components
- Blood serves as a circulatory fluid carrying oxygen and nutrients, while removing waste products from tissues.
- Blood consists of plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%).
- Plasma is the liquid component of blood, primarily water, proteins (like albumin and immunoglobulins), and hormones.
- Formed elements include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets).
Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation.
- Leukocytes (white blood cells) are vital for immunity and defense against infections.
- Thrombocytes (platelets) play a crucial role in hemostasis (the process of stopping bleeding) by forming blood clots.
Immunity
- Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against harmful microorganisms and foreign substances.
- Innate immunity provides non-specific, inborn defenses like skin and mucus barriers.
- Adaptive immunity is an acquired defense mechanism specific to certain pathogens.
- T cells provide cell-mediated immunity, directly attacking foreign invaders.
- B cells are responsible for humoral immunity, producing antibodies.
Medical Terminology related to Blood
- Hem/o, Hemat/o: Relates to blood (e.g., hemopathy).
- Erythr/o: Relates to red (e.g., erythropoiesis).
- Thromb/o: Relates to clot (e.g., thrombosis).
- Leuk/o: Relates to white (e.g., leukocytosis).
Medical Terminology related to Immunity
- Immun/o: Refers to immunity or immune systems.
- Immunization: Process of inducing immunity.
- Immunoglobulin (Ig): Antibody proteins protecting against infections.
- Antigen: Substance triggering an immune response.
- Antibody (Immunoglobulin): Protein produced by B cells to neutralize pathogens.
Blood Disorders
- Anemia: Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
- Leukemia: Cancer involving overproduction of white blood cells.
Immunity Disorders
- Autoimmune Diseases: Immune system attacks the body's own cells.
- Immunodeficiency Disorders: Weakened immune system, as seen in HIV.
Clinical Case: Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Patient: Jane Smith, 45-year-old female office worker.
- Presenting Complaint: Fatigue, shortness of breath, frequent headaches, dizziness.
- Investigations:
- Low hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin, and iron levels.
- Diagnosis: Iron Deficiency Anemia due to chronic blood loss from menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding).
- Treatment: Ferrous sulfate (325mg daily) for 3 months.
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