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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
Adaptive immunity is non-specific and inborn.
Adaptive immunity is non-specific and inborn.
False
What term refers to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin?
What term refers to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin?
Anemia
The substance that triggers an immune response is called an ______.
The substance that triggers an immune response is called an ______.
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Match the following terms related to blood cells with their functions:
Match the following terms related to blood cells with their functions:
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What does the prefix 'Auto-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'Auto-' refer to?
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Anaphylaxis is a mild allergic reaction.
Anaphylaxis is a mild allergic reaction.
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What condition was Jane Smith diagnosed with?
What condition was Jane Smith diagnosed with?
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The normal range for hemoglobin is typically between ______ g/dL.
The normal range for hemoglobin is typically between ______ g/dL.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Blood Definition and Components
- Blood serves as a circulatory fluid carrying oxygen and nutrients, while removing waste products from tissues.
- Blood consists of plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%).
- Plasma is the liquid component of blood, primarily water, proteins (like albumin and immunoglobulins), and hormones.
- Formed elements include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets).
Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation.
- Leukocytes (white blood cells) are vital for immunity and defense against infections.
- Thrombocytes (platelets) play a crucial role in hemostasis (the process of stopping bleeding) by forming blood clots.
Immunity
- Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against harmful microorganisms and foreign substances.
- Innate immunity provides non-specific, inborn defenses like skin and mucus barriers.
- Adaptive immunity is an acquired defense mechanism specific to certain pathogens.
- T cells provide cell-mediated immunity, directly attacking foreign invaders.
- B cells are responsible for humoral immunity, producing antibodies.
Medical Terminology related to Blood
- Hem/o, Hemat/o: Relates to blood (e.g., hemopathy).
- Erythr/o: Relates to red (e.g., erythropoiesis).
- Thromb/o: Relates to clot (e.g., thrombosis).
- Leuk/o: Relates to white (e.g., leukocytosis).
Medical Terminology related to Immunity
- Immun/o: Refers to immunity or immune systems.
- Immunization: Process of inducing immunity.
- Immunoglobulin (Ig): Antibody proteins protecting against infections.
- Antigen: Substance triggering an immune response.
- Antibody (Immunoglobulin): Protein produced by B cells to neutralize pathogens.
Blood Disorders
- Anemia: Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
- Leukemia: Cancer involving overproduction of white blood cells.
Immunity Disorders
- Autoimmune Diseases: Immune system attacks the body's own cells.
- Immunodeficiency Disorders: Weakened immune system, as seen in HIV.
Clinical Case: Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Patient: Jane Smith, 45-year-old female office worker.
- Presenting Complaint: Fatigue, shortness of breath, frequent headaches, dizziness.
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Investigations:
- Low hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin, and iron levels.
- Diagnosis: Iron Deficiency Anemia due to chronic blood loss from menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding).
- Treatment: Ferrous sulfate (325mg daily) for 3 months.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components of blood, including plasma and formed elements like red and white blood cells. Additionally, it explores the concepts of innate and adaptive immunity as the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens.
