Human Biology: Blood and Immune System Quiz

The liquid portion of blood, primarily composed of water, plasma proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, waste products, and gases.

A globular protein found in red blood cells that binds and carries oxygen throughout the body.

The process by which red blood cells are produced, primarily in the red bone marrow.

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

The specialized cells that engulf and remove old or damaged red blood cells from the body, primarily in the spleen.

The ability of the blood to maintain a stable pH level, primarily due to the presence of buffers.

A type of plasma protein that helps to control the osmotic pressure of blood, maintaining fluid balance.

The process of gas exchange between the blood and tissues, where oxygen is delivered and carbon dioxide is removed.

A type of white blood cell (WBC) that is characterized by its ability to engulf and destroy bacteria and other foreign substances.

The production of white blood cells (WBCs), involving a series of stages within the bone marrow.

The process of platelet formation, starting from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.

A type of white blood cell (WBC) that plays a key role in allergic responses, parasitic infections, and inflammation.

A type of white blood cell (WBC) that releases chemicals like histamine, contributing to allergic and inflammatory reactions.

A series of vessels that transport lymph fluid throughout the body, collecting excess fluid and returning it to the bloodstream.

An enlarged sac at the base of the thoracic duct that collects lymph from the lower limbs and digestive organs.

White blood cells that differentiate in the bone marrow and provide humoral immunity through the production of antibodies.

White blood cells that are involved in cell mediated immunity, directly attacking infected or cancerous cells.

The initial immune response to a specific antigen, involving clonal selection and differentiation of B cells, leading to antibody production.

A type of white blood cell with a distinctive S-shaped nucleus. It releases heparin, an anticoagulant, and SRS-A, a substance involved in allergic reactions.

A category of white blood cells that lack granules in their cytoplasm. They include lymphocytes and monocytes.

A type of agranular leukocyte responsible for adaptive immunity. They produce antibodies and target specific pathogens.

A type of agranular leukocyte that transforms into macrophages, which engulf and destroy foreign substances.

A blood group system based on the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. It's important for blood transfusions and preventing hemolytic disease in newborns.

The most important antigen in the Rh system. When present, individuals are Rh positive, and when absent, they are Rh negative.

A condition where the immune system of an Rh-negative mother attacks the red blood cells of an Rh-positive fetus, leading to potential complications.

A reaction where antibodies in the recipient's blood combine with antigens on donor red blood cells, causing agglutination (clumping) and potentially, hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells).

A condition caused by excessive growth hormone production after the growth plates have fused, resulting in bone enlargement, particularly in the face.

The pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus through hormones called "releasing" and "inhibiting" hormones, which are transported through the portal circulation.

A network of blood vessels that links the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland, allowing for the transportation of hormones.

The hormone responsible for stimulating and maintaining milk production in lactating women.

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the adrenal cortex, which is responsible for producing stress hormones.

A hormone also known as thyrotropic hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, that regulates the growth and activity of the thyroid gland.

Hormones that regulate the hormonal activity of the gonads (ovaries and testes).

A gonadotropic hormone that stimulates follicle development in the ovaries, leading to estrogen production and preparation for ovulation.

The first part of the small intestine, where most digestion occurs; it receives bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreas.

The middle part of the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption takes place.

The last part of the small intestine, responsible for absorbing remaining nutrients and water.

A pear-shaped sac located beneath the liver that stores and concentrates bile.

A fluid produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine to help break down fats.

A large gland that produces digestive enzymes (like lipase) and hormones (like insulin).

The largest internal organ in the body, located in the upper right abdomen. It plays multiple roles in digestion, detoxification, and storage.

Cells in the liver responsible for most of its functions.