Introduction to Biology
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Questions and Answers

What defines the specific function of a protein?

  • The presence of strong chemical bonds
  • The number of amino acids it contains
  • The specific three-dimensional shape it adopts (correct)
  • The type of chemical reactions it can catalyze

    • What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

  • It is consumed during the reaction
  • It acts as a reactant that produces products
  • It changes the reactants into different substances
  • It lowers the activation energy without being altered (correct)

    • What happens to the shape of a protein when exposed to extreme temperatures or pH levels?

  • It enhances its binding capacity
  • It becomes stronger and more stable
  • It increases its catalytic activity
  • It undergoes denaturation and loses its functional conformation (correct)

    • Which statement best describes an enzyme's active site?

    <p>The specific region tailored for substrate binding and catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enzymes contribute to biochemical reactions?

    <p>They function as biological catalysts by lowering the activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a substrate in an enzyme's function?

    <p>It binds to the enzyme's active site and is transformed into products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the starting substances in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description best represents a biological catalyst?

    <p>An enzyme that speeds up reactions without being altered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pH value below 7 indicate about a solution?

    <p>The solution is acidic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is formed by the combination of two monosaccharides?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of glycogen?

    <p>Energy storage in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of lipids?

    <p>They are generally non-polar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate provides structural support in plant cells?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural characteristic of steroids?

    <p>They have a four-ring structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do chloroplasts perform in plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is primarily used for energy storage in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes triglycerides from other lipids?

    <p>They are composed of three fatty acid chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily responsible for organizing microtubules during cell division in animal cells?

    <p>Centriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the cell wall is true?

    <p>It is a rigid outer layer in some organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organelles collaborate to produce and export proteins?

    <p>The Golgi apparatus carries proteins to the plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are unique to plant cells that are not present in animal cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts and cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core structure of the plasma membrane composed of?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the plasma membrane primarily functions in transport and structural support?

    <p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from animal and plant cells?

    <p>No nucleus and fewer organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components make up a nucleotide?

    <p>Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ATP play in cellular processes?

    <p>It powers cellular processes as an energy carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA stores genetic information, RNA transmits this information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ATP when it releases energy for cellular functions?

    <p>It loses one phosphate group and becomes ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nucleic acids transmit genetic information?

    <p>By encoding instructions in DNA that is then transcribed into RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the structural foundation of cell membranes?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleotides?

    <p>Directly encode information in proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

    <p>They break down dead matter and recycle nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes protons?

    <p>They have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about neutrons is true?

    <p>They help stabilize the nucleus by counteracting proton repulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of electrons in an atom?

    <p>In the electron cloud or orbitals surrounding the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of protons in an atom determine its identity?

    <p>It determines the type of element represented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct relationship between atomic mass and neutrons?

    <p>Atomic mass is the atomic number plus the number of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following levels is NOT a part of the trophic level pyramid?

    <p>Energy magnifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall structure of a trophic level pyramid?

    <p>A hierarchical structure with primary producers at the base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Absence of a membrane-bound nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Modify, sort, and package proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the central vacuole serve in plant cells?

    <p>Store water, nutrients, and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?

    <p>They are involved in protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid production?

    <p>Smooth ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Regulating movement of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular process primarily occurs within the cytoplasm?

    <p>Protein synthesis and metabolic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Biology

    • Being alive means exhibiting characteristics like metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, homeostasis, and the ability to evolve.
    • Students organize biological levels from atoms to biosphere (atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere).

    Process of Science

    • A scientific theory is a well-supported explanation of natural phenomena, repeatedly tested and supported by observations and experiments.
    • Scientific protocols involve observation, questioning, hypothesis formation, variable identification (independent and dependent), and controlled variables. Control trials provide a baseline comparison. Data collection includes recordings of measurements. Subsequent analysis leads to conclusions.

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    First Semester Biology Study Guide 2024 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental concepts in biology, including the characteristics of living organisms and the organization of biological levels from atoms to the biosphere. It also explores the scientific process, including the development of scientific theories and experimental protocols. Test your understanding of these key ideas in biology!

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