Introduction to Biology: Classification Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following methods is considered the most reliable for determining the relatedness of living things?

  • Classification of living things based on factors like the presence of a nucleus or body design
  • Comparative sequencing of genetic material (DNA & RNA) among organisms (correct)
  • Similarity of anatomy / physiology due to shared ancestry

    • Archaea are classified as eukaryotes because they lack a nucleus.

    False (B)

    What are the four kingdoms that fall under the domain Eukaryota?

    Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

    The presence of a ______ is one of the key characteristics used to differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Eubacteria = Prokaryotic organisms with a peptidoglycan cell wall Archaea = Prokaryotic organisms that were initially thought to be bacteria but have distinct characteristics Eukaryota = Organisms with a nucleus, including protists, fungi, plants, and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum does the Blue Whale belong to?

    <p>Chordata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The class Insecta belongs to the phylum Chordata.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific name for the housefly?

    <p>Musca domestica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammals are characterized by the presence of ______-producing mammary glands for feeding their young.

    <p>milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following animals with their respective classes:

    <p>Blue Whale = Mammalia Tilapia = Actinopterygii Duck = Aves Housefly = Insecta Gorilla = Mammalia Human = Mammalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of mammals?

    <p>Exoskeletons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the flexible rod supporting the dorsal side of animals in the phylum Chordata?

    <p>To provide support and structure to the animal's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The class Mammalia includes all animals that have hair or fur.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organisms in the domain Archaea?

    <p>They are all heterotrophic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria are all harmful to humans.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cell wall found in bacteria, composed of amino acids and polysaccharides?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organisms in the domain ____ contain a nucleus within their cells.

    <p>Eukaryota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of bacteria with their corresponding shapes:

    <p>Coccus = Spherical Bacillus = Rod-shaped Vibrio = Comma-shaped Spirillum = Spiral-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protists?

    <p>Always autotrophic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kingdom Monera includes both archaebacteria and eubacteria.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of organisms included in the kingdom Monera?

    <p>Archaebacteria and Eubacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organisms with their respective taxonomic classifications:

    <p>Human = Homo sapiens Gorilla = Gorilla gorilla Duck = Anas platyrhynchos Housefly = Musca domestica Tilapia = Tilapia sparrmani Blue Whale = Balaenoptera musculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classification level used in the organization of living things?

    <p>Kind (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scientific name for a human is Homo sapiens.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The classification system used to group organisms based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships is called ______.

    <p>taxonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main sources of information used to determine evolutionary relationships between organisms?

    <p>Fossil record and Comparative homologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms belongs to the same family as a human?

    <p>Gorilla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans and Gorillas belong to the same genus.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific name for a Tilapia?

    <p>Tilapia sparrmani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for the synthesis of ATP during aerobic respiration?

    <p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell wall is a rigid structure found in all types of cells.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

    <p>The RER facilitates protein synthesis by providing a large surface area for ribosomes and then transports the newly synthesized proteins to the Golgi apparatus for modification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Golgi apparatus is involved in the ______ of proteins and lipids.

    <p>modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell organelles with their primary functions:

    <p>Mitochondria = Site of ATP production during aerobic respiration Chloroplasts = Site of photosynthesis Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) = Facilitates protein synthesis and transport Golgi apparatus = Modifies and packages proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a rule of binomial nomenclature?

    <p>The scientific name is always written in English. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The domain Archaea contains organisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>The nucleus contains DNA, which controls the cell's activities by providing the genetic instructions for making proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scientific name of an organism is composed of two parts: the ______ name and the ______ name.

    <p>genus, species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell components with their primary functions:

    <p>Plasma membrane = Regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. Nucleus = Contains DNA, which controls cell activities Chromatin = DNA associated with histone proteins, forming chromosomes Cholesterol = Regulates membrane fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a prokaryotic domain?

    <p>Archaea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scientific name Homo sapiens is correctly written according to the rules of binomial nomenclature.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

    <p>Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA within the nucleus, while chromosomes are the condensed, tightly packed form of DNA that becomes visible during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Biology

    • This is a lecture on the introduction to biology.
    • This introduction covers the classification of living things.

    Classification of Living Things

    • Life is organized into a hierarchical structure
    • The hierarchy includes: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

    Kingdom Animalia

    • A table lists the classification of various organisms: Blue Whale, Tilapia, Duck, Housefly, Gorilla, Human
    • The table shows common name, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species for each organism.
    • Examples of scientific names given in the table: Balaenoptera musculus, Tilapia sparrmani, Anas platyrhynchos, Musca domestica, Gorilla gorilla, Homo sapiens

    Classification of Living Things by Domain

    • There are three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
    • The presentation includes information about the characteristics of each domain and a diagram showcasing the relationship between the domains and six-kingdom classification

    Classification by Kingdom

    • The diagram also shows the five kingdoms, which are Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Fungi, Protista, and Plantae.
    • There are also five kingdoms of life; Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera.

    Binomial Nomenclature

    • A system for naming organisms using two names; a genus and species name.
    • Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus created this system in the 1700s.
    • The presentation includes the three rules for correctly applying this naming system

    Questions

    • The presentation presents several multiple-choice questions about the material covered in the lectures.

    Cell Structure

    • The nucleus holds DNA, which is the control center of the cell.
    • DNA and supporting proteins form chromosomes within the nucleus.
    • The plasma membrane forms the cell's outer boundary.
    •   It's a phospholipid bilayer, with special proteins for transporting substances and cholesterol for membrane fluidity.

    Cell Organelles

    • Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production during respiration.
    •   Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells.
    •   The cell wall provides structural support.
    • Material and types for the cell wall differs between Cell Types.

    Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus

    • The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) modifies proteins.
    • The Golgi Apparatus modifies and packages substances.

    Similarities

    • The assignment asks for four similarities among all cells.

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    Related Documents

    Biology Lecture Notes - Introduction to Diversity and Classification (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of biology, focusing on the classification of living organisms. It covers hierarchical structures, the Kingdom Animalia, and the three domains of life. Prepare to dive into the classification of species, their scientific names, and their relationships within biological taxonomy.

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