Introduction to Biological Molecules

Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form four covalent bonds with other atoms, including other carbon atoms. This ability to form stable bonds with multiple atoms gives carbon the versatility to create a vast array of organic molecules with varying structures and functions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing energy for long-term use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denaturation is the loss of a protein's normal three-dimensional shape. This can be caused by changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals. When a protein is denatured, it loses its biological function, becoming inactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serving as the primary energy source for cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenine pairs with Thymine, Cytosine pairs with Guanine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing and transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon has four covalent bonds, allowing versatile molecule formation.

Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Compounds with the same formula but different structures and properties.

Specific groups of atoms in organic molecules that dictate chemical reactivity.

Large molecules made from smaller organic molecules, typically proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Individual building blocks that combine to form polymers.

Large molecules formed by linking many monomers together.

A process where two monomers bond by losing a water molecule.

The process of breaking down polymers into monomers using water.

Organic molecules including sugars and their polymers; main energy source.

The simplest form of carbohydrates, single sugar units.

Carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides linked together.

Carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharides linked together.

A storage polysaccharide in plants composed of glucose monomers.

A storage polysaccharide in animals, mainly in liver and muscle cells.

A structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls composed of glucose monomers.

Hydrophobic molecules including fats, oils, and phospholipids without true monomers.

Fats made of three fatty acids connected to a glycerol molecule for energy storage.

Building blocks of fats; can be saturated or unsaturated depending on double bonds.

Lipids that form cell membranes; have hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Polymers made of amino acids important for structure and function in cells.

Building blocks of proteins, 20 different types with various R groups.

Covalent bonds that link amino acids together to form proteins.

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures define protein shape and function.

Polymers made of nucleotides that store and transmit genetic information (DNA/RNA).

Building blocks of nucleic acids, consist of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA (A-T, C-G) and RNA (A-U, C-G).

Process of copying DNA into RNA; DNA unzips to synthesize RNA.

Process where proteins lose their shape and functionality due to environmental changes.