Introduction to Biological Molecules

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monomers

monosaccharide

C6H12O6

<p>sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Small units that make up larger molecules called polymers.

A carbohydrate consisting of one monomer unit; e.g., glucose.

A carbohydrate formed from two monosaccharides bonded together; e.g., sucrose.

Carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharides; e.g., starch, cellulose.

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Alpha-glucose has the hydroxyl group below carbon 1; beta-glucose has it above.

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Monomers are small units that make up larger molecules called Polymers.
Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of units:
- Monosaccharides: One monomer unit
- Disaccharides: Two monomer units bonded together
- Polysaccharides: Many monomer units bonded together
Carbohydrates contain Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Glucose is a key monosaccharide with the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆.
It's present in all three polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen).
Glucose is a hexagon with 5 carbons inside the ring and the 6th carbon attached to the ring.
It has a hydrogen and hydroxyl group attached to carbon 1.
There are two isomers of glucose:
- Alpha-glucose: Hydroxyl group is below carbon 1.
- Beta-glucose: Hydroxyl group is above carbon 1.