Questions and Answers
What is the term for the complex mixture of organic compounds found inside living cells?
Protoplasm.
What is the definition of biochemistry?
The study of the chemical basis of life at the cellular and molecular level in living beings.
What are the four primary types of organic compounds found in living cells?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
What is the term for the process by which monomers are connected to form polymers?
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What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in carbohydrates?
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What do the roots mono-, di-, oligo-, and poly mean in the context of carbohydrates?
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What is the molecule that attaches the three chains together to form a lipid?
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How do two monosaccharides combine to make a polysaccharide?
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Study Notes
What is Biochemistry
- Biochemistry is the study of the chemical basis of life at the cellular and molecular level in living beings.
- It is a branch of science that deals with the chemistry of living matter.
Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry
- Biochemistry is a special branch of organic chemistry that deals with matter inside the living cell called Protoplasm.
- Protoplasm is an enormously complex mixture of organic compounds where high levels of chemical activity occur.
Primary Organic Compounds
- There are four primary organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Polymers and Monomers
- Each of these types of molecules are polymers that are assembled from single units called monomers.
- Each type of macromolecule is an assemblage of a different type of monomer.
Monomers
- Carbohydrates are assembled from monosaccharides.
- Lipids are assembled from hydrocarbon chains.
- Proteins are assembled from amino acids.
- Nucleic acids are assembled from nucleotides.
Polymer Formation
- In condensation reactions, a molecule of water is removed from two monomers as they are connected together.
- In hydrolysis, a water molecule is added to split a polymer into two.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1.
- Carbohydrates are the key source of energy used by living things.
- The building blocks of carbohydrates are sugars, such as glucose and fructose.
Carbohydrate Terminology
- The roots mono-, di-, oligo-, and poly can be added to the word saccharide to describe the type of carbohydrate.
- Monosaccharides are single sugar units, disaccharides are two sugar units, oligosaccharides are few sugar units, and polysaccharides are many sugar units.
Polysaccharide Formation
- Two monosaccharides can combine to make a polysaccharide through a condensation reaction.
Lipids
- Lipids are molecules that consist of long hydrocarbon chains.
- The three chains are usually attached to a glycerol molecule.
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Description
Learn about the basics of biochemistry, the branch of science that deals with the study of the chemical basis of life at the cellular and molecular level.
