Introduction to Basic Immunology
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Questions and Answers

Which activity is MOST effective for consolidating knowledge of immunology after a self-directed learning session?

  • Preparing detailed notes using spider diagrams or memory maps. (correct)
  • Rereading the research articles multiple times without additional note-taking.
  • Focusing solely on completing the summative assessment to test knowledge.
  • Skimming through PowerPoint slides without engaging with linked resources.

A dental therapy student is learning about immunology. How does this knowledge BEST relate to their clinical practice?

  • It helps in understanding the cost-effectiveness of different dental materials.
  • It enables them to better manage the administrative aspects of a dental practice.
  • It provides a foundation for understanding the body's defense mechanisms in oral health and disease. (correct)
  • It is primarily useful for passing their Biomedical Sciences E-assessment.

A researcher is investigating a new drug that enhances the adaptive immune response. Which outcome would BEST indicate that the drug is functioning as intended?

  • Reduction in the number of circulating white blood cells.
  • Increased production of mucus in the respiratory tract.
  • Enhanced antibody production and cellular immunity following vaccination. (correct)
  • Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines immediately after administration.

In the context of immunity, what role does inflammation play in the connection between oral diseases and systemic conditions like diabetes and heart disease?

<p>Inflammation exacerbates both periodontal disease and conditions like diabetes by contributing to vascular complications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario BEST illustrates the differentiation between innate and adaptive immunity?

<p>The body producing antibodies after exposure to a pathogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier in the innate immune system that protects the oral cavity?

<p>The constant flow of saliva helps to wash away pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a genetic defect that impairs the function of their non-specific immune cells. Which consequence is MOST likely?

<p>Greater susceptibility to a variety of infections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hyperglycemia contribute to the link between diabetes and inflammation, potentially affecting oral health?

<p>By increasing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist is developing a vaccine that aims to stimulate long-term immunity. Which component of the immune system should the vaccine PRIMARILY target?

<p>Memory B and T cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a bee sting, a person experiences localized swelling, redness, and pain. Which initial immunological process is PRIMARILY responsible for these symptoms?

<p>Inflammatory response triggered by innate immune cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between the innate and adaptive immune systems:

<p>The innate immune system offers a rapid, non-specific defense, while the adaptive system develops a specific response to pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In researching the organs and tissues of the immune system, a student comes across the term 'primary lymphoid organs.' What is the MAIN function of these organs?

<p>To serve as the sites where lymphocytes develop and mature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the significance of studying immunity in relation to oral health?

<p>Understanding immunity helps clarify links between oral health and systemic diseases, informing comprehensive healthcare approaches. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the role of plaque bacteria in oral diseases, how might the activation of immune cells by these bacteria contribute to the development of heart disease?

<p>By causing arteries to become clogged with fatty substances, leading to atherosclerosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has a compromised innate immune response in their oral cavity, which of the following outcomes is MOST likely?

<p>An increased susceptibility to oral infections and potential systemic complications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the function of cells in the adaptive immune system?

<p>They develop immunological memory, allowing for a quicker response upon repeated exposure to the same antigen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Innate Immune System

The body's first line of defense, offering rapid, non-specific responses to pathogens.

Adaptive Immune System

A specific immune response that adapts and 'learns' to target specific pathogens, creating immunological memory.

Dental Caries

Dental caries are tooth decay caused by acid-producing bacteria in plaque.

Periodontitis

Inflammatory disease affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth, often leading to bone and tooth loss.

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Innate Immune Barriers

Physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms that prevent pathogens from entering the body.

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Oral Bacteria and Heart Disease

Plaque bacteria activating immune cells may contribute to arteries becoming clogged with fatty substances, leading to heart disease

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Diabetes and Inflammation

Elevated levels of systemic markers of inflammation contributing to microvascular and macrovascular complications.

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Apoptosis

Cell death

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Immunology

The study of the immune system and how the body defends itself against disease.

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Innate Immunity

General defenses present from birth, providing immediate protection; it is non-specific and does not create memory.

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Adaptive Immunity

Specific defenses developed over time, involving antibodies and lymphocytes; provides long-term protection and immunological memory.

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Natural Defense Systems

The body's first line of defense; includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes.

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Antibody-mediated immunity

Immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes.

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Cell-mediated immunity

Immunity mediated by T lymphocytes, which directly kill infected cells or activate other immune cells.

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Organs of the Immune System

Organs and tissues where immune cells develop, mature, and function (e.g., thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen).

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Primary Lymphoid Organs

Bone marrow and thymus, where immune cells develop and mature.

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Study Notes

  • This session introduces immunology within the Biomedical Sciences module.
  • The goal is to gain knowledge of immunology and complete associated tasks.
  • It is recommended to take notes using methods like spider diagrams, pictures, or tables.
  • Notes should be prepared for the next session to consolidate learning.

GDC Learning Outcomes

  • The aim is applying dental therapy and hygiene principles based on biomedical, behavioral, and materials sciences.
  • This session aims to develop knowledge in the specific field of immunology.

Intended learning outcomes

  • At the end of the session, students should be able to define immunology and understand related terminology.
  • Describe the body's natural defense systems.
  • Students should be able to identify the components and functions of both non-specific (innate) and adaptive (acquired) immune systems.
  • Students should be able to differentiate between non-specific (innate) and adaptive (acquired) immunity.
  • Recognize and list the cells involved in both the non-specific and adaptive immune systems.

Assessment

  • The formative assessment involves completing the 'Introduction to Immunology' Workbook.
  • The summative assessment is the Biomedical Sciences Eassessment.

Student Learning Task 1

  • Article on "An introduction to immunology and immunopathology" by Jean S. Marshall, Richard Warrington, Wade Watson, and Harold L. Kim (2018).
  • Requires reading up to 'Antibody-mediated vs. cell-mediated immunity' (10 of 14) from the article.

Student Learning Task 2

  • Focuses on researching and noting down the organs and tissues of the Immune System.
  • Requires using the Immunology Workbook and suggested resources.

Student Learning Task 3

  • Focuses on noting and reviewing immunology-related terminology.
  • Requires completing Worksheet 1 in the Immunology Workbook.
  • New terminology should be added as encountered.

Student Learning Task 4

  • Review the cells of the non-specific and adaptive immune systems.
  • Include a brief explanation of their functions.
  • Fill in the blanks in Worksheet 2 of the Workbook.

Student Learning Task 5

  • Outline the differences between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
  • Students should complete the table in the Workbook using drag and drop answers.

Student Learning Task 6

  • Describe the barriers of the innate immune system.
  • Provide the mechanism for each example.
  • Students should identify the barriers that are associated with the oral cavity.
  • Then complete Worksheet 3 in the Workbook.

Immunity in the oral cavity

  • Soft and hard tissues continuously endure stress from external forces and foreign substances.
  • Oral diseases include Dental caries and Periodontitis.

Importance of Immunity in the oral cavity

  • Links exist between chronic inflammatory conditions and oral diseases.
  • Activation of immune cells by plaque bacteria may contribute to arteries becoming clogged with fatty substances and lead to heart disease
  • Inflammation is a key feature of the pathogenesis of both periodontal disease and diabetes.
  • Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) links to elevated systemic markers of inflammation, contributing to microvascular and macrovascular complications.
  • Hyperglycemia can result in increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis(cell death).

Diseases Impacting Immunity in the Oral Cavity

  • Diseases that are secondary to systemic, autoimmune, or acquired immunodeficiency.
  • Includes Oral candidiasis, Sjögren's syndrome, and Pemphigus vulgaris.
  • Session 3 of Immunology will further explore these conditions.

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Related Documents

Introduction to Immunology PDF

Description

This session introduces the fundamentals of immunology within the Biomedical Sciences module. It focuses on understanding the body's defense systems, differentiating between innate and adaptive immunity, and identifying key components. Students should be able to define immunology and understand related terminology.

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