Introduction to Autoimmunity and Immune Response

<p>It allows the body to mount a quicker and more effective immune response to a specific pathogen upon a second exposure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signal 2 ensures the T cell produces memory cells for future encounters with the pathogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become anergic and suppress the immune response to all antigens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To suppress the immune response and prevent immune system overactivation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune response to the virus was delayed, allowing the virus to replicate and cause severe complications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To introduce a new immune system that is not reactive to the body's own tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To mobilize stem cells from the blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CD34 positive cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate the existing bone marrow cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the most effective treatments for autoimmune diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral blood stem cell collection is less invasive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introducing a new immune system that is not reactive to the body's own tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transplanted stem cells generate a new immune system that is tolerant to the body's own tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigen presenting cells (APCs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased exposure to environmental antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the presence of MHC molecules on the surface of cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MHC class 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To kill cells that lack MHC molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are always treatable with antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decrease in exposure to environmental antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of parasites has altered the immune system's normal function, leading to autoimmune problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The procedure is associated with significant risks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The success of bone marrow transplantation in resolving the disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system is re-established with new memory cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk of developing infections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The procedure carries significant risks, and not all patients are suitable candidates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system plays a key role in the development of MS. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The procedure can be considered for patients who are not responding to other treatments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MS is an immune-mediated disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They potentially recognize self-antigens and could lead to autoimmune diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are eliminated because they may not be functional. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To suppress immune responses and prevent autoimmunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced immune response to viral infections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppressive myeloid cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are crucial for maintaining immune balance and preventing autoimmunity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of autoimmune diseases. (A), Increased susceptibility to infections like polio. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune response is triggered by a danger signal unrelated to the autoantigen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paraneoplastic syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balancing the immune system's power to fight the tumor against its potential to cause autoimmune reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The improvement or disappearance of symptoms in autoimmune diseases following treatment.

The potential dangers including infections and complications from undergoing a bone marrow transplant.

The risk of death directly associated with bone marrow transplantation procedures, estimated around 1-2%.

Choosing patients for transplantation based on severe conditions and lack of responses to other treatments.

The requirement for patients to receive vaccinations again after their immune system is re-established post-transplant.

The concept that diseases like MS are caused by the immune system's own activity rather than other mechanisms.

The process during a transplant where all immune memory cells are destroyed, requiring a complete reset of the immune system.

The inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis is a direct consequence of immune activity, not due to hidden viruses or other mechanisms.

Process where T lymphocytes are eliminated based on their affinity for antigens in the thymus.

T cells that may react against the body's own tissues, causing autoimmune issues.

The thymus educates T lymphocytes by eliminating those that are too strong or too weak.

Gene critical for the development of regulatory T cells; defects can lead to autoimmune diseases.

Condition caused by FOXP3 mutation, leading to immune dysregulation and autoimmune disorders.

A subtype of T cells that help maintain immune balance and prevent autoimmunity.

Mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues.

Recent discoveries highlight these cells as contributors to immune regulation alongside T-reg cells.

An autoimmune disease causing neurological damage due to molecular mimicry.

The phenomenon where immune response to an infection damages body tissues due to similarity in structures.

A bacterium causing gut infections that can trigger autoimmune reactions in genetically predisposed individuals.

Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules present antigens and activate T lymphocytes.

The secondary signal required for T cell activation, often via CD8 receptors.

T cells that actively respond to antigens and help in immune reactions.

The body's natural capability to halt an immune response after the threat is eliminated.

An outside-in mechanism where tissue reactivity generates in the periphery and enters the brain.

A scenario where damage originates internally, leading to inflammatory responses.

Cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system, which can die and lead to inflammatory responses.

A medical procedure to transfer stem cells to replace the damaged immune system.

Stem cells capable of generating various blood cells, crucial for bone marrow transplants.

The use of chemotherapy to eliminate existing bone marrow cells before transplantation.

An aggressive approach aiming to completely destroy the existing immune system for transplantation.

The process where infused stem cells regenerate a new immune system after transplantation.

Conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body.

Rising rates of autoimmune diseases since WWII.

Exposure to foreign substances that trigger immune responses.

MHC molecule present on almost all body cells.

MHC molecule found on antigen presenting cells (APCs).

Cells that process and present antigens for T-cell activation.

Immune cells that kill infected or abnormal cells without MHC needed.

An immune response triggered by a danger signal that targets autoantigens unnecessarily.

A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells.

Disorders arising from immune responses to tumors that can cause autoimmune reactions.

An autoimmune disease causing inflammation and damage to various body parts.

A type of inflammatory bowel disease involving chronic inflammation in the digestive tract.