Introduction to Applied Linguistics

What is Applied Linguistics?

• Applied linguistics is a branch of linguistics that applies linguistic theories, methods, and findings to solve language-related problems.
• It involves the use of knowledge about language to improve the efficiency of practical tasks.

History of Applied Linguistics

• The term "Applied Linguistics" was first used at the University of Edinburgh School of Applied Linguistics in 1956.
• It was also used at the Center of Applied Linguistics in Washington D.C. in 1957.
• Applied Linguistics was initially based on theoretical linguistics but later broadened to include many sciences, such as sociology, psychology, and mathematics.

Definitions of Applied Linguistics

• Applied Linguistics is the utilization of knowledge about language to improve the efficiency of practical tasks (Corder, 1974).
• It is a branch of linguistics that applies linguistic theories, methods, and findings to solve language-related problems (Crystal, 1985).
• It is a multidisciplinary approach to solving language-related problems (Strevens, 1992).

Aim of Applied Linguistic Studies

• The study of second language and foreign language learning and teaching.
• Investigating problems related to language learning and teaching.
• Finding practical solutions to these problems.

Importance of Applied Linguistics

• Applied Linguistics is crucial for solving language-related problems.
• Language is essential to human life and communication.
• The study of applied linguistics helps people understand language use, organize and formalize knowledge, and subject it to rational consideration and critical analysis.

Questions Asked by Applied Linguists

• How can languages best be learned and taught?
• What social factors affect language learning?
• How can technology be used to improve language teaching and learning?
• What are the related problems associated with language disorders?
• How can these be prevented?

Major Branches of Applied Linguistics

• Bilingualism and multilingualism
• Lexicography
• Literacies
• Second language acquisition
• Language assessment
• Contrastive linguistics
• Discourse analysis
• Conversation analysis
• Translation
• Language pedagogy
• Pragmatics
• Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
• Language planning and policies

Areas Related to Applied Linguistics

• Speech therapy
• Lexicography and dictionary making
• Translation
• Language policy and planning
• Language teaching
• CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning)

Conclusion

• Applied Linguistics has become an independent and mature discipline since the 1960s.
• It is an interdisciplinary field that applies related fields to foreign language education.
• It is process-oriented, focusing on the internal structure or cognitive aspects of the learner.