Linguistics vs Applied Linguistics

Study Notes

Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
Applied Linguistics identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.

Language and Teaching: covers methods of language teaching.
Language and Society: also known as sociolinguistics, studies the relationship between society and language.
Language Education/Learning: explains first language education and additional language education (e.g. second language education).
Language, Work and Law: explains communication in the workplace, language planning, and forensic linguistics.
Language, Information and Effect: studies literary stylistics, critical discourse analysis, translation and interpretation, information design, and lexicography.

Occurs in societies to make communication more effective and meaningful.
Types of Code-switching:
- Inter-Sentential: language switch at sentence boundaries (e.g. words or phrases at the beginning or end of a sentence).
- Intra-Sentential: language shift in the middle of a sentence, without interruptions or pauses.
- Extra-Sentential or Tag Switching: switching of a single word or tag phrase from one language to another.

Language: a complex and abstract system of communication used by humans to convey feelings, express thoughts, and interact with others.
Displacement: allows speakers to refer to things, events, and ideas not present in the immediate context or time.
Cultural Transmission: language is learned and passed down from one generation to another through social interactions and cultural processes.
Grammar: language has a set of rules and structures governing the formation of words, sentences, and meaning.
Multilingualism: many people are proficient in more than one language, referring to multilingualism and language contact situations.

Regional or Social Identity: dialects are linked to a specific region or group of people, contributing to the formation of one's identity.
Mutual Intelligibility: ability of speakers of different dialects to understand each other.
Grammar: encompasses the rules and structures governing the formation of words, sentences, and meaning.
Lexical Differences: lexicon refers to the vocabulary of a language or dialect.
Writing Systems: the presence of distinct writing systems can influence the classification of linguistic varieties.
Standardization and Codification: existence of a standardized form with codified grammar, spelling, and vocabulary can contribute to the classification of a variety of a language.

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