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Questions and Answers
Who is recognized as the founding father of positivism?
Who is recognized as the founding father of positivism?
What concept emphasizes the agreement between people and government regarding rights and responsibilities?
What concept emphasizes the agreement between people and government regarding rights and responsibilities?
What is the main focus of Emile Durkheim's functionalism?
What is the main focus of Emile Durkheim's functionalism?
Which sociological perspective is associated with the term 'verstehen'?
Which sociological perspective is associated with the term 'verstehen'?
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Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?
Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?
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What does the term 'cultural relativism' imply in anthropology?
What does the term 'cultural relativism' imply in anthropology?
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Which of the following individuals is known as the 'father of anthropology'?
Which of the following individuals is known as the 'father of anthropology'?
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What is the main focus of sociology as a field of study?
What is the main focus of sociology as a field of study?
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What research method is associated with Bronislaw Malinowski?
What research method is associated with Bronislaw Malinowski?
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Margaret Mead is best known for her work in which area of anthropology?
Margaret Mead is best known for her work in which area of anthropology?
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Study Notes
Social Sciences
- Deals with human behavior in social and cultural aspects.
- Anthropology: Study of humans and their past/present societies and respective cultures.
- Developed during World War 2.
- Begun with European explorers' observations of native peoples.
- Cultural relativism: Franz Boas' idea of looking at cultures with respect, acknowledging there are no absolute truths.
- Ethnocentrism: Judging other cultures based on one's own.
Anthropology (Continued)
- Anthropology (from Greek): Combining "anthropo" (human) and "logia" (study of).
- Anthropology is the science studying human nature and humanity.
- Branches include cultural anthropology (examining human societies), archeology (studying past human activities from artifacts), physical anthropology (human biology and evolution), and linguistic anthropology (language and culture).
Key Anthropologists
- Ruth Benedict: A folklore specialist and author of "Patterns of Culture".
- Margaret Mead: Pioneered studies on childhood, adolescence, and gender. She used advanced fieldwork methods.
- Bronislaw Malinowski: A 20th-century influential ethnographer. He emphasized participant observation, blending with the people studied.
- Ethnography: Ethnography is an approach to study the culture.
Sociology
- Sociology studies the social structure and development of human societies.
- Scientific study of human interactions, institutions, and the relationships between individuals and society.
- Emerged in 18th-century Europe (Germany, England, and France) during the Industrial Revolution.
- Auguste Comte is considered the founding father of sociology.
- Positivism: Knowledge is derived from empirical observation.
- Society has laws, and societal development has patterns.
Key Sociological Concepts
- Functionalism (Durkheim): Explores societal function and institutions.
- Social order: Religion, gender, social forces, family, individual societies.
- Social institutions play a role in people's lives.
Political Science
- Political science studies politics, power, and government.
- Aristotle proposed that organized societies need systems for orderly behaviors, including collective decision-making
- Methods include the observation of collective decisions in groups, the influence of power, assessing and understanding governance and the role of political figures. The process of making collective decisions in groups is dependent on influential power applications.
- Concepts: Power, order, and justice within societies.
Politics (as a practice)
- The theory, practice, and art of government.
- Includes political institutions, power, and decision-making processes.
- Branches like executive, legislative, and judicial are crucial components.
- Power shifts with decision making. People's need to convince/persuade to influence changes.
- No one is above the law. Accountability and transparency are crucial.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of anthropology, including key theories such as cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. This quiz covers the various branches of anthropology and highlights influential figures in the field. Test your knowledge on the study of humanity across social and cultural aspects.
