Social Sciences PDF

# Social Sciences Social sciences deal with human behaviour in social/cultural aspects. ## Anthropology - Greek "Anthropo" - Human - Greek "Logia" - The science/ study of - *Anthropologia (New latin)* - study of: - Human nature science - Humanity - Study of: - humans & their behaviour (...

# Social Sciences Social sciences deal with human behaviour in social/cultural aspects. ## Anthropology - Greek "Anthropo" - Human - Greek "Logia" - The science/ study of - *Anthropologia (New latin)* - study of: - Human nature science - Humanity - Study of: - humans & their behaviour (past/present societies) - respective cultures (born & actively belong to) - Developed during 2 world wars - Began in European explorer - produced impressions about native peoples ### Father - Franz Boas - **Cultural Relativism**: - Look at other cultures with respect - No Absolute culture - We have this because there's meaning in the culture/tradition - (believed it could be applied in measuring culture & human behaviour while conducting research among humans, including culture's uniqueness) - **Ethnocentrism**: - Superior culture - Degrade other cultures ## Franz Boas' Students... ### Ruth Benedict - Anthropology/ Folklore specialist - Author to "Patterns of Culture" ### Margaret Mead - Pioneered on topics of: - Childhood - Adolescence - Gender - Founding figure in culture/ personality studies - Advanced field work methods using: - Photographs - Psychological testing - Film - male/female researcher terms ### Bronislaw Malinowski (20th century) - "most influential ethnographer" - **Ethnography**: - Exp. the culture itself - Res. method - **Participant Observation**: - Data gathering - Blend with way of life of a people's group ## Sociology - *Socius* (Latin) = "companions/ ally" - *Logia* = "the science/ study of" - Science of social phenomena - Study of structurel development of human societies - Scientific study of: - Human interactions - Institutions - Human world - Social groups - Whole societies - Relationship bet. individual + society (as they develop/change in history) - (18th Century Europe > Germany, England + France) - Emerged in French/ Industrial revolution - Auguste Comte: Founding father - Society operates on laws - **Positivism**: - Knowledge = product of empirical observation - (Approach to philosophy + societal development theory) - Unites people because: - Creates common knowledge body - Encourage emotional attachment ## To form society - have same interests - **Monarchy**: - King/Queen - Prime minister - nasusunod - **Industrial Revolution** = make goods by hand & machines - **Social Contract** = agreement bet. people & govt. of rights & responsibilities ## Karl Marx - Author of "Communist Manifesto” - Lower class misery bec. of social order - Scientific reason to know society's nature/ human being ## Emile Durkheim - **Functionalism** in Sociology = all society's aspects - Institutions - Norms - Roles - Serves a purpose ## Social Order - Social forces impact people's lives - Religion - Gender - Family - Education - Individual - society's product ## Max Weber - Interpretive sociology - "to social life & subjective" - “Sympathetic understanding, verstehen, of the mind of others." - Essential to understand others' behaviours - **Verstehen**: empathetic understanding of human behaviour ## Politics - Theory/practice/art of gout. - Gout. - political institution - Power & decision making - When it began: people convince each other to do stuff & go along with them. ## Branches of govt. - **Executive**: - President / Execution - **Legislative**: - Law makers/congress - **Judicial**: - Supreme court / - Legal controversies settlement - **NO ONE IS ABOVE THE LAW** - Public official in scandal = Ombudsman - Every 3 years pinapalitan senators - Direct record