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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of anatomy as a scientific discipline?
What is the primary focus of anatomy as a scientific discipline?
Which term best describes the specific position of the body where the person stands upright, facing forward with arms at the sides and palms facing forward?
Which term best describes the specific position of the body where the person stands upright, facing forward with arms at the sides and palms facing forward?
What is the significance of anatomical planes and sections in anatomy?
What is the significance of anatomical planes and sections in anatomy?
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used anatomical plane?
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used anatomical plane?
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Which of the following statements about anatomical terms is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about anatomical terms is incorrect?
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Why is the anatomical position significant in anatomical studies?
Why is the anatomical position significant in anatomical studies?
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Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
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Which statement about anatomy is NOT correct?
Which statement about anatomy is NOT correct?
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In what way does the anatomical position assist in communication among health professionals?
In what way does the anatomical position assist in communication among health professionals?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Anatomy
- Anatomy is the science of the body's structure and function.
Objectives of Lecture
- Define the anatomical position.
- Describe important planes and sections.
The Anatomical Position
- The standard reference position for describing the location of body structures.
- Hands by the sides.
- Feet together.
- Face looking forward.
- Mouth closed.
- Facial expression neutral.
- Palms facing forward, fingers straight.
- Toes pointing forward.
Anatomical Planes
- Hypothetical planes used to transect the body for describing structure location.
- Coronal plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior parts (vertical).
- Sagittal plane: divides the body into right and left parts (vertical).
- Median plane: divides the body into equal right and left halves (vertical, specific sagittal).
- Transverse/horizontal/axial planes :divide the body into superior and inferior parts (horizontal).
Anatomical Sections
- Longitudinal section: runs parallel to the body's axis.
- Transverse section (cross section): slices the body or its part.
- Oblique section: slices the body or part not along the anatomical planes.
Terms of Relationship
-
Anterior/Posterior: describes position relative to the front and back of the body.
- Anterior: towards the front
- Posterior: towards the back
-
Superior/Inferior: describes position relative to the top and bottom of the body.
- Superior: towards the top/vertex.
- Inferior: towards the bottom/sole.
-
Medial/Lateral: describes position relative to the median plane.
- Medial: near the median plane
- Lateral: away from the median plane
-
Proximal/Distal: describes position relative to the origin of a structure (especially in limbs).
- Proximal: closer to the origin
- Distal: farther from the origin
-
Superficial/Deep: describes position relative to the body surface.
- Superficial: nearer to the body surface
- Deep: farther from the body surface
-
External/Internal: describes position relative to the center of the body.
- External: farther from the center
- Internal: near the center
-
Ipsilateral: relating things on the same side of the body
-
Contralateral: relating thing on the opposite side
Hand
- The structure of the hand is mentioned and illustrated.
Terms of Laterality
- Bilateral: paired structures on both sides (ex. kidneys)
- Unilateral: unpaired structures on one side (ex. spleen)
- Ipsilateral: structures on the same side.
- Contralateral: structures on the opposite side
Terms Related to Movement
-
Joints: where two or more bones connect.
-
Types of movement in joints:
- Freely movable (shoulder).
- Slight movement (superior tibiofibular joint).
- Immovable (sutures in the skull).
-
Flexion: bending movement (sagittal plane)
-
Extension: straightening movement (usually posterior direction)
-
Abduction: movement away from the midline (coronal plane).
-
Adduction: movement towards the midline (coronal plane).
-
Medial Rotation: rotation that moves the anterior surface towards the midline.
-
Lateral Rotation: rotation that moves the anterior surface away from the midline.
-
Supination: rotating the forearm (palm faces up).
-
Pronation: rotating the forearm (palm faces down).
-
Inversion: turning the sole of the foot inward.
-
Eversion: turning the sole of the foot outward.
Note of the prefix
- The prefixes for numbers 1-6 are shown for review.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the basics of anatomy with this quiz. Learn about the anatomical position, planes, and sections that are vital for understanding the body's structure. Ideal for students beginning their studies in anatomy and health sciences.
