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Questions and Answers
What is sociology?
What is sociology?
What is society?
What is society?
A group of people who shape their lives in aggregated and patterned ways.
What are social sciences?
What are social sciences?
Disciplines that use the scientific method to examine the social world.
What does the sociological perspective entail?
What does the sociological perspective entail?
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What is a beginner's mind?
What is a beginner's mind?
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What is culture shock?
What is culture shock?
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What is sociological imagination?
What is sociological imagination?
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What does microsociology study?
What does microsociology study?
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What does macrosociology study?
What does macrosociology study?
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What are theories in sociology?
What are theories in sociology?
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What is a paradigm?
What is a paradigm?
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What is positivism?
What is positivism?
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What is the scientific method?
What is the scientific method?
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What is social Darwinism?
What is social Darwinism?
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What is structural functionalism?
What is structural functionalism?
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What is mechanical solidarity?
What is mechanical solidarity?
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What are agrarian societies?
What are agrarian societies?
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What is organic solidarity?
What is organic solidarity?
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What is anomie?
What is anomie?
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What is solidarity?
What is solidarity?
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What is sacred?
What is sacred?
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What is profane?
What is profane?
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What is collective effervescence?
What is collective effervescence?
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What is collective conscience?
What is collective conscience?
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What does empirical mean?
What does empirical mean?
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What is structure in sociology?
What is structure in sociology?
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What is dysfunction?
What is dysfunction?
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What are manifest functions?
What are manifest functions?
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What are latent functions?
What are latent functions?
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Study Notes
Key Sociology Concepts
- Sociology: Systematic study of human society and social behavior across various contexts.
- Society: A distinct group characterized by aggregated and patterned ways of living.
- Social Sciences: Disciplines examining the social world with scientific methods, unlike natural sciences.
Perspectives and Approaches
- Sociological Perspective: Viewing the world through a sociological lens to understand social behaviors.
- Beginner's Mind: A fresh, preconception-free approach to understanding the world (Bernard McGrane).
- Sociological Imagination: A mindset that connects individual experiences to larger social forces (C. Wright Mills).
Levels of Analysis
- Microsociology: Focuses on small-group interactions and their impact on broader societal patterns.
- Macrosociology: Examines large-scale social structures and their effects on individuals and groups.
Theories and Frameworks
- Theories: Abstract propositions explaining societal phenomena and predicting future trends.
- Paradigm: A framework consisting of theories and assumptions guiding the understanding of social reality.
- Positivism: Theory asserting that sense perceptions are the only valid knowledge source (Auguste Comte).
Methodologies
- Scientific Method: A structured approach for knowledge acquisition through observation and experimentation.
Sociological Concepts
- Social Darwinism: Applies evolutionary theory to societal study, emphasizing "survival of the fittest."
- Structural Functionalism: Views society as a complex system where separate structures contribute to overall function.
Durkheim's Contributions
- Mechanical Solidarity: Bonds in premodern societies based on shared traditions and beliefs.
- Organic Solidarity: Bonds in modern societies founded on interdependence and individual rights.
- Anomie: Condition of normlessness resulting in alienation and loss of purpose due to weakened social bonds.
Social Cohesion and Unity
- Solidarity: The level of integration and unity among members within a society.
- Collective Effervescence: Experiencing intense energy and connection in shared events.
- Collective Conscience: Common morals and beliefs that enhance social solidarity.
Social Structures and Functions
- Structure: Stable social institutions fulfilling necessary functions to maintain social order.
- Dysfunction: Negative consequences arising from aspects of social systems.
- Manifest Functions: Clear and intended outcomes of a social structure.
- Latent Functions: Subtle and possibly unintended consequences of social structures.
Sacred and Profane
- Sacred: Pertains to the holy or divine aspects of life.
- Profane: Relates to the ordinary, everyday aspects of life.
Empirical Research
- Empirical: Relating to knowledge obtained through observation and experimentation.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 1 of Intro to Sociology. Learn important concepts like sociology, society, and social sciences to deepen your understanding of human interactions and social structures.