Intro to Sociology Chapter 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is sociology?

  • The study of animals
  • The study of plants
  • The scientific study of human society and social behavior (correct)
  • The study of government
  • What is society?

    A group of people who shape their lives in aggregated and patterned ways.

    What are social sciences?

    Disciplines that use the scientific method to examine the social world.

    What does the sociological perspective entail?

    <p>A way of looking at the world through a sociological lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a beginner's mind?

    <p>Approaching the world without preconceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is culture shock?

    <p>A sense of disorientation when entering a radically new social environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sociological imagination?

    <p>A quality that links individual circumstances and larger social forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does microsociology study?

    <p>Face-to-face and small-group interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does macrosociology study?

    <p>Large-scale social structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are theories in sociology?

    <p>Abstract propositions that explain the social world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a paradigm?

    <p>A set of assumptions and theories that shape understanding of social reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positivism?

    <p>The theory that sense perceptions are the valid source of knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific method?

    <p>A procedure for acquiring knowledge through observation and experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social Darwinism?

    <p>The application of evolution theory to the study of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is structural functionalism?

    <p>A paradigm assuming society functions as a unified whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mechanical solidarity?

    <p>Social bonds in premodern societies based on shared beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are agrarian societies?

    <p>Societies that depend on agriculture for support and sustenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is organic solidarity?

    <p>Social bonds in modern societies based on difference and interdependence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anomie?

    <p>Normlessness; a term describing alienation due to weakened social bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is solidarity?

    <p>The degree of integration within a society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sacred?

    <p>The holy, divine, or supernatural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is profane?

    <p>The ordinary, mundane, or everyday.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is collective effervescence?

    <p>An intense energy in shared events where people feel part of something larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is collective conscience?

    <p>The shared moral beliefs that foster social solidarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does empirical mean?

    <p>Based on scientific experimentation or observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is structure in sociology?

    <p>A social institution that remains stable over time to meet societal needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dysfunction?

    <p>A disturbance or undesirable consequence in the social system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are manifest functions?

    <p>The obvious, intended functions of a social structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are latent functions?

    <p>The less obvious, perhaps unintended functions of a social structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Sociology Concepts

    • Sociology: Systematic study of human society and social behavior across various contexts.
    • Society: A distinct group characterized by aggregated and patterned ways of living.
    • Social Sciences: Disciplines examining the social world with scientific methods, unlike natural sciences.

    Perspectives and Approaches

    • Sociological Perspective: Viewing the world through a sociological lens to understand social behaviors.
    • Beginner's Mind: A fresh, preconception-free approach to understanding the world (Bernard McGrane).
    • Sociological Imagination: A mindset that connects individual experiences to larger social forces (C. Wright Mills).

    Levels of Analysis

    • Microsociology: Focuses on small-group interactions and their impact on broader societal patterns.
    • Macrosociology: Examines large-scale social structures and their effects on individuals and groups.

    Theories and Frameworks

    • Theories: Abstract propositions explaining societal phenomena and predicting future trends.
    • Paradigm: A framework consisting of theories and assumptions guiding the understanding of social reality.
    • Positivism: Theory asserting that sense perceptions are the only valid knowledge source (Auguste Comte).

    Methodologies

    • Scientific Method: A structured approach for knowledge acquisition through observation and experimentation.

    Sociological Concepts

    • Social Darwinism: Applies evolutionary theory to societal study, emphasizing "survival of the fittest."
    • Structural Functionalism: Views society as a complex system where separate structures contribute to overall function.

    Durkheim's Contributions

    • Mechanical Solidarity: Bonds in premodern societies based on shared traditions and beliefs.
    • Organic Solidarity: Bonds in modern societies founded on interdependence and individual rights.
    • Anomie: Condition of normlessness resulting in alienation and loss of purpose due to weakened social bonds.

    Social Cohesion and Unity

    • Solidarity: The level of integration and unity among members within a society.
    • Collective Effervescence: Experiencing intense energy and connection in shared events.
    • Collective Conscience: Common morals and beliefs that enhance social solidarity.

    Social Structures and Functions

    • Structure: Stable social institutions fulfilling necessary functions to maintain social order.
    • Dysfunction: Negative consequences arising from aspects of social systems.
    • Manifest Functions: Clear and intended outcomes of a social structure.
    • Latent Functions: Subtle and possibly unintended consequences of social structures.

    Sacred and Profane

    • Sacred: Pertains to the holy or divine aspects of life.
    • Profane: Relates to the ordinary, everyday aspects of life.

    Empirical Research

    • Empirical: Relating to knowledge obtained through observation and experimentation.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 1 of Intro to Sociology. Learn important concepts like sociology, society, and social sciences to deepen your understanding of human interactions and social structures.

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