Intro to Nursing Exam 2 Blueprint

Intro Exam 2 Blueprint-2

• The exam covers the entire Intro to Nursing textbook
• It will be 100 multiple-choice questions and matching questions.
• Review all chapters' questions, answers, and definitions at the end of each chapter.

Chapter 1 (Nature, Nurture)

• Growth: Increase in size or number
  • Cephalocaudal: Head to tail (e.g., fetal development)
  • Progressive differentiation: Increasing uniqueness in development
  • Proximodistal: Midline to extremities (e.g., utero development)
• Nature vs Nurture:
  • Nature (Susceptibility): Genetics largely influences traits and development. If parents are tall, offspring are more likely to be tall
  • Nurture (Exposure): Upbringing, nutrition, rest, psychosocial, and cognitive development are influenced by external factors.
• Simple to Complex: Similar to the concept that one learns to speak single-words before sentences.
• Major Theorists: Kohlberg, Piaget, Erikson
  • Kohlberg: Moral development (research primarily on males)
  • Piaget: Cognitive development (tied to Kohlberg's theory)
  • Erikson: Psychosocial development (tied to Freud’s psychosexual theory)

Chapter 2 (Infant)

• Development: Increase in complexity or maturation of brain neuronal connections, muscle strength, flexibility, and endurance. Organs like kidneys, stomach, endocrine system develop
• Schemas & Piaget Processes: Key stages from birth to adolescence.
  • Reflexive: (birth - 1 month)
  • Sensorimotor: (1 month - 2 years): primary and secondary circular reaction, object permanence, trial and error solution
  • Preoperational: (2 - 4 years) Language explosion, intuitive thought but limited, case and effect
  • Concrete Operational: (5 - 12 years) Hands-on learning, classifying, time, ranking, conservation of matter
  • Formal Operational: (13+) Abstract thinking.
• Development Milestones: Defined milestones of child development
• Apgar Score: Test of newborn health, assessed twice 1 minute, and 5 minutes after delivery; score range 0-10
• Fontanel: Soft spots on the baby's head that close at different times.

Chapter 3 (Toddler)

• Ages: 1 - 3 years of age
• Play Styles:
  • Parallel play: Children play near each other but not with each other.
  • Interactive play: Children play together and interact.
• Speech:
  • Vocabulary expansion
  • Putting words together
  • Full sentences by age 4
• Safety:
  • Supervision (at all times)
  • Child-proof play environments
• Physical Development:
  • Chest larger than the head. Limbs (arms and legs) grow faster than the trunk, causing a waddle.
  • Teeth erupt (16 teeth by 2 years)
• Toilet Training:
  • Requires successful cognitive development (understanding expectations).
• Developmental Issues:
• Biting. Other behavior changes.

Chapter 4 (Preschool)

• Ages: 3 - 5 years of age
• Physical Development: Increased limbs and trunk proportion, growth in height and weight
• Self Care: Dressing, feeding, using the restroom
• Safety: Supervision, preventing injuries (swimming, cooking, medicines, sexual abuse)
• Play: Developmentally appropriate play activities
• Cognitive Development:
  • More concrete thinking
  • Limited abstract thinking

Chapter 5 (School Age)

• Ages: 6 - 12 years of age
• Physical Development: Slimmer and taller, size and proportion become more adult-like, physical changes.
• Nutrition: Increase in caloric needs due to energy level. Important to avoid unhealthy high-sugar content meals
• Sleep: 10-12 hours per night sleep
• Cognitive Development:
  • Concrete operational thinking
  • Conservation of matter
  • Logical reasoning

Chapter 6 (Adolescence)

• Ages: 12 - 18 years of age
• Physical Developments: Growth spurt, primary and secondary sex characteristics
• Social Development: Peer pressure
• Cognitive Development: Formal operations
• Health Issues: Risky sexual practices, domestic abuse, suicide, STI and unintended pregnancy
• Mental Health Issues: Peer pressure, emotional stressors, mental health

Chapter 7 (Young Adult)

• Ages: 18 - 35 years of age
• Physical Development: Peak physical development occurs, and usually is the prime for physical performance
• Mental Development: Cognitive awareness is at its peak. Mental capacity and abilities are at maximum. Formal operations.
• Health Issues: Increased domestic abuse risk, sexual abuse, and suicide.
• Family Dynamics: Developing family unit, starting a career, maintaining one's place in society while contributing as a member of a community

Chapter 8 (Middle Age)

• Ages: 36 - 64 years of age
• Physical Changes: Thinning and greying of hair, decrease in physical strength, age spots, possible changes in vision and hearing, decline in body mass.
• Health Issues: Increased risk of chronic diseases, and physical changes
• Mental Changes: Maintain cognitive processes and memory skills.
• Family Dynamics: Maintaining relationships, retirement, raising children in the past

Chapter 9 (Older Adult)

• Ages: 65+ years of age
• Physical Changes: Vision, hearing, and mobility changes. Decline in physical capabilities.
• Health Issues: Multiple health concerns (cardiovascular disease, cancer risks, type 2 diabetes)
• Mental Changes: Wisdom, experiences, and knowledge, but cognitive changes are also present.
• Family Dynamics: Retirement, relationships with family members, maintaining an active social life

Chapter 10 (Family)

• Types of Families: Various family structures, including traditional, re-constituted, LGBTQ, or extended families.

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Hierarchy that includes physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Charts the progress of a family, community, society and the well-being of everyone.

• Genograms: Tools for analyzing familial medical history, patterns, and traits to identify risks of diseases, addictions, etc. Displays generational relationships, and health risks.

Prepare for the Intro to Nursing Exam with this comprehensive quiz covering all chapters of the textbook. Test your knowledge on key concepts such as growth, nature vs nurture, and major theorists in the field. Ideal for reviewing multiple-choice and matching questions.