Intro to Microbiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of bacteria spoiling wine?

  • Removing the flavor
  • Increasing the shelf life
  • Producing ethanol
  • Turning it to vinegar (acetic acid) (correct)

Who developed the technique of pasteurization?

  • Louis Pasteur (correct)
  • Joseph Lister
  • Ferdinand Cohn
  • Robert Koch

What was the contribution of Robert Koch?

  • Developing differential staining
  • Introducing the concept of sterilization
  • Developing pure culture techniques (correct)
  • Discovering endospores

What is the purpose of Koch's Postulates?

<p>To show that a specific organism causes a specific disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the concept of aseptic technique?

<p>Joseph Lister (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of endospores?

<p>They are resistant to heat and chemicals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Gram staining?

<p>To differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of bacteria?

<p>They occur in different shapes, including rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, spiral-shaped, or filamentous-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of microbiology?

<p>The study of organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for microorganisms?

<p>Germs or bugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the discovery of microorganisms using a simple microscope?

<p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the prevailing theory opposed by Francesco Redi?

<p>Spontaneous Generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative hypothesis to Spontaneous Generation?

<p>Biogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Louis Pasteur show that microbes are responsible for?

<p>Fermentation and spoilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of converting sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine?

<p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of aseptic techniques developed by Louis Pasteur?

<p>To prevent microbial growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

What is Microbiology

  • Study of organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye, requiring a microscope
  • Microbes or microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, helminths, and prions

History of Microbiology

  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first observed microbes using a simple microscope in 1673
  • Francesco Redi opposed the prevailing theory of Spontaneous Generation in 1668, showing that maggots come from flies

Abiogenesis vs. Biogenesis

  • Abiogenesis: living things can arise from vital forces present in nonliving and decaying matter
  • Biogenesis: living organisms can arise only from preexisting life forms

The Golden Age of Microbiology

  • Louis Pasteur:
    • Showed microbes caused fermentation and spoilage
    • Disproved spontaneous generation
    • Developed aseptic techniques
    • Developed a rabies vaccine
  • Robert Koch:
    • Developed solid growth media
    • Developed pure culture techniques
    • Developed simple stain technique
    • Developed aseptic lab techniques
    • Isolated bacteria as causative agents for anthrax, TB, and cholera
    • Formulated Koch's Postulates
  • Joseph Lister:
    • Developed aseptic technique
    • Introduced surgical site preparation with phenol
  • Ferdinand Cohn:
    • Discovered and described endospores
  • Christian Gram:
    • Developed differential staining of cell walls using various dyes (Gram positive and Gram negative)

Microbial Characteristics

  • Bacteria occur in different shapes and sizes
  • Bacteria shapes include rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, spiral-shaped, or filamentous-shaped
  • Bacterial structure includes plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, ribosomes, nucleoid, and cytoplasm (cytosol)

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