Questions and Answers
What is communication?
The process by which people use signs, symbols, and behaviors to exchange information and create meaning.
Why do we communicate?
To meet physical needs, build relationships, and explore spirituality and identity.
What are relational needs?
Essential elements people seek in relationships, including companionship and affection.
What are the three different types of models of communication?
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What is the Action Model?
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What is the Interaction Model?
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What is the Transaction Model?
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What is Intrapersonal Communication?
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What is Small Group Communication?
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What is Public Communication?
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What is Mass Communication?
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Which of the following are Communication Myths? (Select all that apply)
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What is Communication Competence?
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What is Self-Monitoring?
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What is Empathy?
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What is Cognitive Complexity?
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What are Ethics in communication?
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What is Culture in terms of communication?
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What are In-Groups?
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What are Out-Groups?
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What is Ethnocentrism?
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What are Co-Cultures?
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What are Communication Codes?
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What are the three communication codes?
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What is an Individualistic Culture?
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What is a Collectivistic Culture?
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What is a Low-Context Culture?
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What is a High-Context Culture?
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What is Perception?
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What are the three basic stages of perception?
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What is the Primary Effect?
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What is the Recency Effect?
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What is Attribution?
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What is Locus?
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What is Self-Serving Bias?
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What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
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What is Self-Concept/Identity?
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What are Self-Fulfilling Prophecies?
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What is Image?
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What is Image Management?
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What is Face in communication?
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What is Facework?
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What are Face Needs?
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What is Fellowship Face?
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What is Autonomy Face?
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What is Competence Face?
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What is a Face-Threatening Act?
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What is Language?
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What are the four different types of language rules?
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What is Denotative Meaning?
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What is Connotative Meaning?
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What is Ambiguous Language?
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How does language express who we are?
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How is language directly tied to credibility?
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What is Persuasion?
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What is the Anchor-and-Contrast Approach?
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What is the Norm of Reciprocity?
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What is Nonverbal Communication?
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What are the characteristics of Nonverbal Communication?
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What is Metacommunication?
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What are the functions of Nonverbal Communication?
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What are the ten channels of Nonverbal Communication?
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What are Illustrators?
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What is an Emblem?
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What are Adaptors?
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What are Affect Displays?
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What are Regulators?
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What are Touch Behaviors (Haptics)?
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What are Vocal Behaviors (Vocalics)?
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What is the Use of Space (Proxemics)?
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What is Listening?
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What is Hearing?
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What are the types of Listening Styles?
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What is the HURIER Model?
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What are the Types of Listening?
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Why do social relationships matter?
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What does Attraction Theory explain?
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What are the Factors in attraction?
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Why do we form relationships?
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Why do we maintain relationships?
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What is Comparison Level?
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What is the Comparison Level for Alternatives?
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What is Over-Benefited?
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What is Under-Benefited?
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How do we maintain relationships?
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What is Self-Disclosure?
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What is the Social Penetration Theory?
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What is Breadth in self-disclosure?
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What is Depth in self-disclosure?
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What is Commitment?
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What is Emotional Commitment?
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What is Social Commitment?
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What are Legal and Financial Commitments?
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What is Interdependence?
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What is Investment in relationships?
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What are Dialect Tensions?
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What are the five stages of forming a relationship?
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What are the five stages of ending a relationship?
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Study Notes
Communication Basics
- Communication is the exchange of information through signs, symbols, and behaviors.
- Essential for fulfilling physical needs and experiencing relationships, spirituality, and identity.
Relationship Needs
- Relational needs encompass companionship, affection, and the ability to relax.
Communication Models
-
Types of Models:
- Action Model: One-way process of communication.
- Interaction Model: Communication involving feedback and context.
- Transaction Model: Simultaneous sending and receiving in communication.
Types of Communication
- Intrapersonal Communication: Self-dialogue or reflection.
- Small Group Communication: Interaction among 3-20 people.
- Public Communication: Directed to large audiences.
- Mass Communication: Relayed to large audiences via media platforms.
Misconceptions in Communication
- Common Communication Myths:
- Everyone is a communication expert.
- Communication can solve all problems.
- More communication is always beneficial.
Communication Competence
- Communication Competence involves effective and appropriate interaction suited to context.
- Self-Monitoring: Awareness of one’s behavior and its impact on others.
Emotional Understanding
- Empathy: Understanding and sharing the feelings of another.
- Cognitive Complexity: Viewing situations from multiple perspectives.
Cultural Elements
- Culture: Shared symbols, language, values, and norms distinguishing groups.
- In-Groups: Groups individuals identify with (e.g., MSU).
- Out-Groups: Groups individuals do not identify with.
Cultural Dynamics
- Ethnocentrism: Judging others' practices as inferior.
- Co-Cultures: Sub-groups sharing specific interests beyond nationality.
Communication Codes
-
Types of Codes:
- Jargon
- Idioms
- Gestures
Individual vs. Collective Perspectives
- Individualistic Cultures: Emphasize personal responsibility and self-reliance.
- Collectivistic Cultures: Focus on group welfare and interdependence.
Perception Processes
-
Stages of Perception:
- Selection: Paying attention to certain stimuli.
- Organization: Categorizing selected information.
- Interpretation: Assigning meaning to organized information.
Attribution and Bias
- Attribution: Explaining observed behaviors through internal or external causes.
- Self-Serving Bias: Attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external ones.
- Fundamental Attribution Error: Analyzing others’ actions primarily from internal perspectives.
Self-Concept and Image Management
- Self-Concept: Perception of oneself; influences identity.
- Image Management: Projecting a desired public image through behaviors.
Face and Facework
- Face Needs: Components crucial for desired public image.
- Facework: Strategies used to maintain public image.
Language and Communication
- Language: A structured set of symbols for meaning.
-
Rules of Language:
- Phonological: Pronunciation.
- Syntactic: Word order.
- Semantic: Word meanings.
- Pragmatic: Interpretations of statements.
Persuasion Techniques
- Persuasion: Convincing individuals to alter thoughts or actions.
- Norm of Reciprocity: Expectation to return favors.
Nonverbal Communication
- Definition: Conveying meaning without words, often more impactful than verbal communication.
- Functions: Managing conversations, forming impressions, conveying emotions.
Channels of Nonverbal Communication
- Facial displays, eye behaviors, gestures, touch, vocalics, use of space, physical appearance, time, and artifacts.
Listening and Its Importance
- Listening: Active interpretation of spoken messages; differs from passive hearing.
- Listening Styles: People-oriented, action-oriented, content-oriented, time-oriented.
Relationship Dynamics
- Need to Belong: Fundamental human inclination to connect.
- Attraction Factors: Proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity, and complementarity.
Relationship Theories
- Uncertainty Reduction Theory: Drives individuals to reduce discomfort through acquaintance.
- Social Exchange Theory: Maintaining relationships when benefits surpass costs.
Maintaining Relationships
- Relational Maintenance Behaviors: Include positivity, openness, assurance, and shared tasks.
Commitment Types
- Emotional Commitment: Responsibility for partner's emotional well-being.
- Social Commitment: Desire to spend time together and resolve conflicts.
Relationship Development
- Stages of Relationship Formation: Initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding.
- Stages of Relationship Dissolution: Differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating.
Dialectical Tensions
- Conflicts between opposing relationship needs, such as connection vs. autonomy and openness vs. closedness.
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Description
Prepare for your Communication Exam with these flashcards that cover Chapters 1-8. Each card includes essential terms and definitions that clarify the key concepts of communication processes and their significance in various aspects of life. Study effectively and boost your understanding of how we convey meaning through interaction.