7 Questions
What does the Monroe Kelly doctrine state?
When the volume of the brain, CSF, or blood increases, ICP will increase as well.
How is Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) calculated?
MAP - ICP
What are clinical manifestations of increased ICP?
Decreased Glasgow Coma Scale, headaches, vomiting, papilledema, Cushing reflex
Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased ICP?
Low carbon dioxide levels
What is a clinical sign indicating increased ICP?
Vomiting due to vagus nerve irritation
Why is the Cushing reflex observed in individuals with increased ICP?
As a compensatory mechanism for decreased perfusion
What is the normal range for Intracranial Pressure (ICP)?
$7-15$ mmHg
Study Notes
- Inter-cranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure outside the brain, typically sitting within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), normally ranging from 7 to 15 mmHg.
- The Monroe Kelly doctrine states that if the volume of the brain, CSF, or blood increases, ICP will increase as well.
- The brain volume is around 1300 ml, CSF volume is about 130 ml, and blood volume is also about 130 ml.
- Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is crucial for brain function and is calculated as Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) minus ICP.
- Normal MAP range is around 60-80 mmHg, and normal ICP range is 7-15 mmHg.
- Increased ICP can lead to clinical manifestations like decreased Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), headaches, vomiting, papilledema (swelling of optic disk), and Cushing reflex (triad of high BP, low heart rate, irregular breathing).
- Causes of increased ICP include brain tumors, abscesses, edema, bleeding, increased CSF production, CSF blockages, heart failure, and high carbon dioxide levels.
- Clinical signs of increased ICP include GCS drop, morning headaches due to meningeal stretching, vomiting from vagus nerve irritation, papilledema from venous drainage issues, and the Cushing reflex as a compensatory mechanism for decreased perfusion.
Test your knowledge on intracranial pressure, the Monroe Kelly doctrine, cerebral perfusion pressure, and clinical manifestations of increased ICP. Learn about normal ICP and MAP ranges, causes of increased ICP, and clinical signs to watch for.
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