Intracellular vs Extracellular Fluid
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the main component of all body fluids?

  • Water (correct)
  • Blood plasma
  • Electrolytes
  • Solute concentration

    • Where is the majority of the body's fluid located?

  • Blood plasma
  • Extracellular fluid (ECF)
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Intracellular fluid (ICF) (correct)

    • What percentage of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid?

  • 80% (correct)
  • 60%
  • 20%
  • 40%

    • What is the primary way water moves in and out of body compartments?

    <p>Osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant of fluid balance?

    <p>Solute concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are most solutes in body fluids?

    <p>Electrolytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fluid balance imply?

    <p>Both water and electrolyte balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Figure 26.4 show?

    <p>The proportion of total body fluid in each compartment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Figure 26.5 show?

    <p>The concentration of different elements in key bodily fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Figure 26.4 represent as the largest volume of water in the body?

    <p>Intracellular fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is the most abundant in body cells and plasma?

    <p>Protein system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is based on the bicarbonate ion?

    <p>Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is an important regulator of pH in both red blood cells and kidney tubular fluids?

    <p>Phosphate system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism can adjust the pH of body fluids by changing the rate and depth of respirations?

    <p>Exhalation of carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism involves the excretion of H+ ions by the kidneys to aid in the maintenance of pH?

    <p>Kidney excretion of H+ ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pH range of systemic arterial blood?

    <p>7.35-7.45 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder of blood carbon dioxide levels is characterized by an elevated carbon dioxide and decreased pH?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder of blood carbon dioxide levels is characterized by a decreased arterial blood carbon dioxide and increased pH?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary disorder of bicarbonate concentration is characterized by a decreased bicarbonate level and decreased pH?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary disorder of bicarbonate concentration is characterized by increased bicarbonate concentration?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the largest single constituent in the human body?

    <p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main way to regulate body water balance?

    <p>Adjusting the volume of water intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain governs the urge to drink?

    <p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under normal conditions, fluid output (loss) is adjusted by which hormone?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four general functions of electrolytes in the body?

    <p>Controlling osmosis, maintaining acid-base balance, carrying electrical current, and acting as enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant extracellular ion in the body?

    <p>Sodium (Na+) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major extracellular anion in the body?

    <p>Chloride (Cl-) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid?

    <p>Potassium (K+) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant ion in the body?

    <p>Calcium (Ca+2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the level of calcium in plasma?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary way water moves in and out of body compartments?

    <p>Osmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant of fluid balance in the body?

    <p>Solute concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of water content in the human body?

    <p>60% to 80% of body weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the urge to drink in the body?

    <p>Thirst centre in the hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates urine production to adjust fluid output?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of all body fluids?

    <p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main way to adjust body water balance?

    <p>Regulating water intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of electrolytes in the body?

    <p>Maintaining fluid balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body compartment contains about two-thirds of the body's fluid?

    <p>Intracellular fluid (ICF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main way water moves in and out of cells?

    <p>Osmosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by a nonrespiratory loss of acid and increased bicarbonate concentration?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Loss of bicarbonate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Excessive vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by a decreased bicarbonate level and decreased pH?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Hyperventilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by an abnormal increase in acid metabolic products (other than carbon dioxide)?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hyperventilation?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by an increased bicarbonate concentration?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes loss of bicarbonate in metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Loss of bicarbonate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes nonrespiratory loss of acid in metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Excessive vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the general functions of electrolytes in the body?

    <p>Regulate blood coagulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is the most abundant extracellular ion?

    <p>Sodium (Na+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone controls the regulation of chloride (Cl-) balance in body fluids?

    <p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid?

    <p>Potassium (K+) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is principally an extracellular ion and plays a role in blood coagulation and neurotransmitter release?

    <p>Calcium (Ca+2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is the most abundant in body cells and plasma?

    <p>Protein system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main way to adjust the pH of body fluids by changing the rate and depth of respirations?

    <p>Exhalation of carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is an important regulator of pH in both red blood cells and kidney tubular fluids?

    <p>Phosphate system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder of blood carbon dioxide levels is characterized by an elevated carbon dioxide and decreased pH?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pH range of systemic arterial blood?

    <p>7.35 to 7.45 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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