16 Questions
Where are most neurotransmitter receptors commonly thought to be located?
Plasma membrane
Which subtype is generally the most abundant within the CNS for muscarinic AChRs?
M1
In which region of rodents and humans were intracellular membranes of M1 mAChRs found?
Hippocampus and other telencephalon regions
According to recent studies, where have M1 mAChRs been found in addition to the cell surface?
Nuclear membranes
What has recent evidence suggested about the location of several G-protein-coupled receptors including AChRs?
They may also signal from intracellular sites
Which of the following statements about the expression of muscarinic AChR subtypes is accurate?
M1 subtype is the most abundantly expressed in the CNS
Where are the intracellular M1 mAChRs immunohistochemically shown to localize?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main intracellular site where M1 mAChRs are abundantly distributed in pyramidal neurons?
Golgi apparatus
Which pathway is exclusively mediated by surface M1 mAChRs on a time scale of seconds?
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis
What does the C-terminal tryptophan-based motif of M1 subtype require for intracellular localization?
Tryptophan-based motif
Where are the intracellular M1 mAChRs immunohistochemically shown to detect in cerebral cortex neurons?
Cytoplasm of large and small dendrites
What is the main extracellular site where M1 mAChRs are detected in cerebral cortex neurons?
Cell membrane
What type of binding density is used to detect total mAChRs?
Cell-permeable (hydrophobic) radioligands
What is the main effect caused by M1 mAChRs through the Gαq/11 protein?
Calcium (Ca2+) upregulation
What is the main pathway activated by intracellular M1 mAChRs on a slow time scale of minutes?
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway
What is the main function with which M1 mAChRs are involved in the CNS?
Cognitive enhancement
Explore the intracellular sites where neurotransmitter receptors, including AChRs, are located and may signal from. Learn about the recent evidence challenging the common belief that most neurotransmitter receptors are exclusively located on the plasma membrane.
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