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What is the primary diagnostic method used for small intestinal evaluation in dogs that shows a 70-75% effectiveness?
What is the primary diagnostic method used for small intestinal evaluation in dogs that shows a 70-75% effectiveness?
What is the maximum small intestinal diameter that should not be exceeded in cats according to the provided data?
What is the maximum small intestinal diameter that should not be exceeded in cats according to the provided data?
Which diagnostic tool is indicated for identifying conditions such as lymphoma but can be negative for other neoplasms?
Which diagnostic tool is indicated for identifying conditions such as lymphoma but can be negative for other neoplasms?
What condition does a maximal small intestinal diameter greater than twice the height of the body of L5 indicate in dogs?
What condition does a maximal small intestinal diameter greater than twice the height of the body of L5 indicate in dogs?
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What is one of the common findings in radiography for diagnosing intestinal issues?
What is one of the common findings in radiography for diagnosing intestinal issues?
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What is a typical symptom that may indicate gastric outlet obstruction?
What is a typical symptom that may indicate gastric outlet obstruction?
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Which of the following is a characteristic echogenicity of an adenocarcinoma in ultrasonography?
Which of the following is a characteristic echogenicity of an adenocarcinoma in ultrasonography?
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Which diagnostic work-up method is commonly used for assessing gastric disorders?
Which diagnostic work-up method is commonly used for assessing gastric disorders?
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What is the most common gastric neoplasia in cats?
What is the most common gastric neoplasia in cats?
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What is a poor prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma?
What is a poor prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma?
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Which surgical procedure involves anastomosing the duodenum to the gastric stump?
Which surgical procedure involves anastomosing the duodenum to the gastric stump?
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Which of the following treatment options can be used for intestinal tumors in cats?
Which of the following treatment options can be used for intestinal tumors in cats?
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What does the abbreviation MST refer to in the context of treatment outcomes for intestinal tumors?
What does the abbreviation MST refer to in the context of treatment outcomes for intestinal tumors?
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What is the most common intestinal tumor in cats?
What is the most common intestinal tumor in cats?
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Which type of gastric tumor has the highest chance of metastasis to local lymph nodes?
Which type of gastric tumor has the highest chance of metastasis to local lymph nodes?
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What is the typical prognosis for dogs diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma?
What is the typical prognosis for dogs diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma?
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Which of the following tumors is more commonly found in the colon and rectum of dogs?
Which of the following tumors is more commonly found in the colon and rectum of dogs?
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What clinical sign may indicate gastrointestinal tumor complications?
What clinical sign may indicate gastrointestinal tumor complications?
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What is the male-to-female ratio for dogs affected by intestinal neoplasia?
What is the male-to-female ratio for dogs affected by intestinal neoplasia?
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Which test would be least helpful in diagnosing a gastrointestinal obstruction?
Which test would be least helpful in diagnosing a gastrointestinal obstruction?
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What specific characteristic differentiates GISTs from true leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas?
What specific characteristic differentiates GISTs from true leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas?
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What is the primary goal of pressure leak testing during intestinal surgery?
What is the primary goal of pressure leak testing during intestinal surgery?
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What is the median survival time (MST) for feline adenocarcinoma with metastasis at diagnosis?
What is the median survival time (MST) for feline adenocarcinoma with metastasis at diagnosis?
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When conducting a jejunal resection, where should the incision begin?
When conducting a jejunal resection, where should the incision begin?
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What is the overall one-year survival rate for canine small intestine (SI) tumors?
What is the overall one-year survival rate for canine small intestine (SI) tumors?
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What type of surgical technique is used for the connection of resected intestinal sections?
What type of surgical technique is used for the connection of resected intestinal sections?
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Study Notes
Intestinal Neoplasia in Dogs and Cats
- Intestinal neoplasia is not common in dogs and cats, with gastric tumors being less common than intestinal ones.
- Gastric tumors are approximately 1% of gastrointestinal tract tumors.
- Intestinal tumors are approximately 3% of gastrointestinal tract tumors.
- Intestinal tumors are about half malignant.
- Male dogs are more frequently affected than females (2.5:1 ratio).
- Older dogs are more prone to developing stomach cancer, usually adenocarcinoma.
- Seventy to eighty percent (70-80%) of stomach cancers metastasize to local lymph nodes (LNs).
- Many leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas have been reclassified as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
Gastric Tumors
- GISTs express CD117 (c-kit), while leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas do not.
- Gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs has a poor prognosis, with survival times ranging from one to two months with treatment.
- Primary gastric tumors are rare in cats, with lymphoma being a more common occurrence.
- Benign stomach lesions include adenomas and hypertrophic gastropathy (aka Chronic Hypertrophic Pyloric Gastropathy). This is more frequently seen in Shih-Tzus and Lhasa Apsos.
Intestinal Tumors
- Intestinal tumors are more common than gastric and esophageal tumors.
- In cats, lymphoma is the most common small intestinal (SI) tumor, representing 75% of cases.
- Dogs with SI tumors have an approximate distribution of 30% lymphoma, 30% carcinoma and 25% GIST/smooth muscle.
- Older male dogs tend to develop smooth muscle tumors and lymphoma.
- Overall, large intestinal (LI) tumors are more common than SI tumors in dogs.
Intestinal Tumors: Types
- Alimentary adenocarcinomas (ACAs) in cats typically occur in the small intestine (SI), whereas in dogs, they are more common in the colon or rectum.
- GISTs/leiomyosarcomas/leiomyomas are also found in the SI, and are often found in the cecum, which demonstrates a higher tendency for tumors than ACAs.
- Adenomatous polyps are found in the rectum of dogs and duodenum of cats.
- Carcinoids, which originate from endocrine cells, are not true epithelial tumors. They can secrete hormones like serotonin (5-HT), secretin, somatostatin, and gastrin (gastrinomas).
Diagnosis
- History: Vomiting (e.g., coffee grounds), melena (black, tarry stool), hematochezia (bloody stool), anorexia, weight loss
- Physical exam: Palpable mass, abdominal pain/discomfort, weight loss
- Diagnostic tests: Complete blood count (CBC), biochemical panel, possible radiological examination, ultrasound, fine needle aspirate (FNA), excisional biopsy (laparotomy), and lymph node biopsy.
Diagnosis of Intestinal Obstruction
- Oral exam: Palpation is highly effective at detecting intestinal obstruction in 70-75% of cases.
- Radiography: Loss of intestinal detail, fluid or gas dilation.
- Contrast, Ultrasound, and Percutaneous needle aspirate are used for further diagnosis.
Radiography
- Radiography is 50% diagnostic for intestinal obstruction. Radiography shows loss of intestinal detail, fluid or gas dilation. Contrast is also used in imaging.
Diagnostic Work-up
- Plain radiographs
- Static and dynamic contrast studies
- Endoscopy and biopsy procedures
- Serum gastrin levels
Gastric Neoplasia
- Benign: Benign adenomatous polyps and leiomyomas.
- Malignant: Adenocarcinomas and leiomyosarcomas.
- Lymphoma is more common in cats (LSA) than in dogs (FSA).
Gastric Carcinoma, Symptoms and Etiology
- Symptoms: Vomiting over 1-3 months; hematemesis, melena; anorexia and weight loss
- Etiology: Foreign bodies, intra/extraluminal neoplasms, peptic ulcer disease (e.g., fungal granuloma).
Gastric Carcinoma, Diagnostic Work-up
- Diagnostic Work-up: CBC and biochemical analyses, plain radiographs, static/dynamic contrast studies, endoscopy with biopsy, and serum gastrin levels.
Ulcerated Adenocarcinoma, Body, Gastric Carcinoma
- Ulcerated adenocarcinoma, body and gastric carcinoma images are included in the slide presentation.
Gastric Carcinoma, Prognosis, Treatment and Surgical Procedures.
- Prognosis: Gastric carcinoma generally has a poor prognosis, particularly depending on anatomical location and advanced stage. Gastric lymphoma, particularly small cell lymphoma, often has a better prognosis.
- Treatment: Surgical excision (including regional lymph nodes), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (e.g., doxorubicin/carboplatin), NSAIDS.
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Surgical Procedures:
- Partial gastrectomy (lesser curvature)
- Thoracoabdominal (TA) stapler
- Endoscopic guided surgery
- Bilroth I/II
- Pylorectomy, gastroduodenostomy.
Intestinal Tumor Types
- Intussusception.
- Lymphoma
- Carcinoma
Tumor Treatment
- Surgical intervention (excision, including regional lymph nodes).
- Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (e.g., Doxorubicin).
- Post surgical management and survival times
Other Procedures
- Lymph node biopsy
- Pressure leak testing
- End-to-end anastomosis
Feline Solitary Lymphoma and Intussusception
- Feline solitary lymphoma and intussusception cases are discussed.
Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma in Cats
- This slide details a study of 32 feline cases.
- Key takeaways included palpation (50%), radiograpic findings (38%), and survival times following biopsy/diagnosis
Canine and Feline Prognosis
- Overall survival rates for canine SI tumors are approximately 40%.
- Median survival time (MST) for various conditions are also presented.
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Description
This quiz explores the prevalence and characteristics of intestinal and gastric tumors in dogs and cats. Discover the differences between various tumor types, their commonality, and prognosis in these pets. Gain insights into factors affecting tumor development and classification.
