Questions and Answers
What is the other name for Ascaris lumbricoides?
Large roundworm
Which disease is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides?
Ascariasis
How is Enterobiasis (pruritus ani) transmitted?
Ingestion of embryonated eggs
What is the common name for Necator americanus?
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Which method is used to diagnose pinworm infection (Enterobiasis)?
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What is the treatment for Ancylostoma duodenale infection?
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Which parasite causes megaloblastic anemia in humans?
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What is the intermediate host for Diphyllobothrium latum?
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Which parasite is an intestinal parasite of cats, dogs, and carnivores?
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What is the treatment for human sparganosis?
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What is the infection caused by Taenia saginata known as?
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What is the diagnostic method for detecting eggs or proglottids in human stool for Taenia saginata?
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What is the most important factor for the recovery of a tapeworm infection?
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Which type of tapeworm is associated with cysticercosis infection?
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How is the dwarf tapeworm disease typically classified?
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Which type of tapeworm infection is characterized by asymptomatic symptoms in humans?
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What is the definitive method for diagnosing a tapeworm infection?
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In which animals can Taenia saginata be commonly found?
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What is the accidental mode of infection for hymenolepiasis in humans?
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Which tapeworm is commonly known as the 'pumpkin seed tapeworm'?
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What type of tapeworm infection involves ingestion of eggs from larval fleas?
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Which tapeworm is responsible for 'hydatid cyst' formation in humans?
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What diagnostic method can be used in sheep, goat, horse, and camel for tapeworm infections?
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Which treatment method involves chemo with benzimidazole for tapeworm infections?
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How is Strongyloides stercoralis commonly known as?
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Which nematode causes the disease known as trichuriasis?
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What is the vector for Wuchereria bancrofti?
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Which nematode causes loiasis, characterized by pruritus and localized pain?
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What is the main symptom of infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
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Which nematode is known as the 'garbage worm'?
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'Calabar-like swelling' is a characteristic feature of which filarial nematode infection?
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'Whipworm' is another name for which nematode?
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Study Notes
Intestinal Nematodes
- Strongyloides stercoralis:
- Also known as threadworm or Chinese lantern
- Causes strongyloidiasis (pulmonary and intestinal)
- Infection through skin penetration of filariform larva
- Diagnosis: stool, sputum, duodenal aspirate, DFS (stool exam), Beale's string test
- Treatment: albendazole
- Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis):
- Also known as pinworm
- Smallest intestinal nematode
- Causes enterobiasis (pruritus ani)
- Infection through ingestion of embryonated eggs
- Diagnosis: eggs on perianal folds, stool (adult, ova), DFS, Graham's scotch tape swab
- Treatment: mebendazole (100mg)
Tissue Nematodes
- Trichinella spiralis:
- Also known as muscle worm, garbage worm, pork muscle roundworm, trichina worm
- Causes trichinosis, trichinellosis
- Infection through ingestion of raw or undercooked meat products
- Diagnosis: muscle biopsy
- Treatment: mebendazole, albendazole
- Capillaria philippinensis:
- Also known as pudoc worm
- Causes capillariasis
- Infection through ingestion of infective larvae through undercooked fish
- Diagnosis: stool, duodenal aspirate, DFS, FEACT
- Treatment: mebendazole (200mg/2-20d)
- Dracunculus medinensis:
- Also known as guinea worm
- Causes dracunculiasis
- Infection through ingestion of infected copepods through contaminated water
- Diagnosis: muscle biopsy, observing infected ulcers
- Treatment: total removal of worm
Lymphatic Filariasis
- Wuchereria bancrofti:
- Also known as bancroft's filarial worm
- Causes bancroftian filariasis
- Infection through skin inoculation by mosquitoes (CAMA)
- Periodicity: nocturnal periodicity (8PM-4AM)
- Diagnosis: blood
- Treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
- Brugia malayi:
- Also known as malayan filaria
- Causes malayan filariasis
- Infection through skin inoculation by mosquitoes (Mansonia spp.)
- Periodicity: nocturnal sub-periodicity
- Diagnosis: blood
- Treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Subcutaneous Filariasis
- Loa loa:
- Also known as African eye worm
- Causes loiasis
- Infection through skin inoculation by chrysops fly, deerfly, mango fly
- Periodicity: diurnal (10:15am-2:15pm)
- Diagnosis: blood, csf, urine, sputum
- Treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC), surgical removal
- Onchocerca volvulus:
- Also known as convoluted filaria
- Causes onchocerciasis
- Infection through skin inoculation by simulium fly, black fly
- Periodicity: non-periodic
- Diagnosis: skin snips/shavings
- Treatment: ivermectin, surgery
Zoonotic Nematodes
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis:
- Also known as rat lung worm
- Causes angiostrongyliasis
- Infection through ingestion of gastropods (snails)
- Diagnosis: difficult to diagnose (brain)
- Treatment: mebendazole & alendazole, antihelminthic therapy, surgical removal
Intestinal Nematodes (Phasmids)
- Ascaris lumbricoides:
- Also known as giant roundworm, large intestinal roundworm, eelworm
- Causes ascariasis
- Infection through ingestion of embryonated eggs
- Diagnosis: stool, sputum, duodenal aspirate, DFS, KKZ&KT, FEACT
- Treatment: albendazole (400mg)
- Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis):
- Also known as pinworm, seatworm
- Causes enterobiasis
- Infection through ingestion of embryonated eggs, inhalation, retroinfection
- Diagnosis: eggs on perianal folds, stool (adult, ova), DFS, Graham's scotch tape swab
- Treatment: mebendazole (100mg)
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