70 Questions
What does the Australian Institute for Health and Welfare (AIHW) emphasize in measuring health?
Health in social and personal contexts
Which factor is NOT included in the comprehensive definition of health and wellbeing highlighted by the AIHW?
Physical wellbeing
Why is it important to understand health and illness within a cultural context?
To reflect society's cultural patterns
Which group is most likely to have the worst health outcomes globally according to the text?
Those living in poverty
Which factors are identified as influential in impacting health inequality by health sociologists?
Class, gender, and ethnicity
What does life expectancy measure on average for individuals?
Years expected to live if death rates change
What is the key feature of primary health care highlighted in the text?
Collaboration with multiple sectors beyond health
Primary health care aims to address health issues by:
Involving society as a whole
How does combining primary care and primary health care benefit service accessibility?
It makes services more accessible and tailored to community needs
What historical document emphasized the importance of primary health care in 1978?
The Declaration of Alma Ata
What is the main focus of primary health care according to the text?
Comprehensive approach involving society as a whole
Which sectors are involved in planning care in primary health care, as stated in the text?
Multiple sectors including agriculture, education, housing, employment, etc.
What prompted the development of Primary Health Care (PHC) according to the text?
Disparities in health status within and between countries
In what year did WHO adopt the goal of Health for All by the Year 2000 (HFA)?
1977
Which country's practical experiences with 'barefoot doctors' contributed to substantial improvements in health, as mentioned in the text?
China
What conference marked the beginning of the Primary Health Care (PHC) movement according to the text?
Alma-Ata Conference
What did WHO declare about health at the Alma-Ata conference?
Health is a basic right of all people
What was the goal set by WHO regarding health for people by the year 2000?
Health for All by the Year 2000
Which level of government in Australia is responsible for managing and funding public hospital systems?
State/territory governments
What is the primary source of funding for private hospitals in Australia?
Private health insurers
Which of the following statements about healthcare spending in Australia is true?
The federal government's spending on health was approximately 20% of its total expenditure in the 2021-22 budget.
Which of the following services are provided free of charge in public hospitals in Australia?
Emergency care and inpatient treatment
Which level of government is responsible for funding and regulating Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia?
Federal government
Approximately how much was spent on health goods and services in Australia in the year 2019 to 2020?
$202.5 billion
What was the primary focus of the World Health Organization's Basic Health Strategy?
Promoting positive health and disease prevention at the primary level
Prior to the establishment of the World Health Organization, how were health concerns primarily addressed?
By individual nations, with further delegation to regional authorities
What was the primary limitation of the existing health care systems before the World Health Organization's Basic Health Strategy?
Emphasis on curing diseases rather than preventing them or promoting health
Which of the following statements best describes the historical perspective presented in the text?
Humans have long recognized the connections between health, quality of life, and longevity
What was the primary objective of the World Health Organization's First Assembly in 1948?
To introduce the concept of considering health as a global issue
What historical example is provided to illustrate humanity's long-standing awareness of the connection between health and quality of life?
The public baths of Rome
What shift in emphasis regarding health measurement is noted by the Australian Institute for Health and Welfare (AIHW)?
From measuring only ill health to considering social and personal contexts
Which factor is NOT included in the comprehensive definition of health and wellbeing highlighted by the AIHW?
Technological advancement
What is identified as a key factor influencing health inequality by many health sociologists?
Social circumstances
Which group bears the largest burden of disease globally?
Those in poverty
What does life expectancy measure?
Years a person can expect to live on average
How are health and illness defined according to the text?
Culturally and socially defined
What enables ease of measurement and comparison within a limited context in terms of health data?
'Morbidity and mortality rate information'
'Life expectancy' provides insight into what aspect of human life?
'Potential lifespan'
What does the term 'intersectoral' mean in the context of primary health care?
It involves collaboration between the health sector and various sectors that impact health.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three most significant principles of primary health care according to the Declaration of Alma Ata?
Prioritizing preventive care over curative services.
What is the primary objective of primary health care?
To achieve optimal health and well-being for everyone.
Which sectors are explicitly mentioned in the text as being involved in planning care under primary health care?
Agriculture, food industry, education, housing, employment, public works, transportation, communications, and natural resources.
What is the primary benefit of combining primary care and primary health care according to the text?
It makes services more accessible and tailored to community needs.
In what year was the Declaration of Alma Ata that emphasized the importance of primary health care adopted?
1978
What does primary health care aim to address at various stages of health?
Promoting good health, preventing diseases, providing treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care.
Which statement best describes the scope of primary care services in relation to primary health care?
Primary care services are a part of the broader scope of primary health care.
What is the primary source of financing for Australia's Medicare scheme?
Medicare levy surcharge
Which group received more Medicare-subsidised GP services per person in Australia, according to the data provided?
Females
In 2021–22, which age group in Australia had the highest number of Medicare-subsidised GP services per person?
People aged 80 and over
Which area had a higher proportion of Medicare-subsidised GP attendance after hours according to the data?
Metropolitan Primary Health Network (PHN) areas
Which healthcare services are covered by Australia's Medicare scheme?
Doctor consultations, hospital treatments, and diagnostic tests
What contributes to the financing of Australia's publicly-funded health insurance scheme?
Medicare levy surcharge
What does the AIHW report indicate about the percentage of females visiting GPs in Australia?
More than males
'Allied health attendances' mentioned in the text refer to services provided by which professionals?
'Allied health' professionals like physiotherapists and speech pathologists
Which of the following is NOT a factor explicitly considered within the context of medical interventions in the Western medical model?
Surgical procedures
What was the primary focus of the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach as defined at the Alma-Ata Conference in 1978?
Ensuring access to health care for families and individuals in the community
What is one of the main factors contributing to inequities in health?
The circumstances in which people live, work, and age
What is the primary reason cited in the text for the dramatic differences in life expectancy between countries?
Disparities in social disadvantage
What is the primary goal of social justice in relation to health?
Reducing the risk of premature death
What was the primary limitation of the existing health care systems that prompted the development of Primary Health Care (PHC)?
Failure to address social determinants of health
Which of the following statements best summarizes the historical perspective presented in the text?
Awareness of the connection between social factors and health outcomes has been present for a long time.
Based on the information provided in the text, which of the following statements about Primary Health Care (PHC) is NOT true?
It focuses primarily on providing medical interventions and treatments.
What was the primary focus of the ASHA program in India?
Connecting marginalized communities to maternity health services
What is the essence of Cuba's success in primary health care, according to the text?
Focusing on early intervention rather than late-stage disease treatment
What enabled the ASHA workers in India to effectively communicate with marginalized populations?
Their cultural sensitivity and linguistic proficiency
What was the primary role of the female community health workers (CHW) in the COBIN trial in Nepal?
Reducing high blood pressure in adults without hypertension
What is one of the roles of community health workers mentioned in the text?
Providing low-cost health services
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role of community health workers in the text?
Performing complex medical procedures
What is the primary reason for the success of the ASHA program in India, according to the text?
The cultural sensitivity and linguistic proficiency of the ASHA workers
What aspect of Cuba's primary health care system is highlighted in the text?
The focus on early intervention rather than late-stage treatment
Learn about how primary health care involves collaboration with various sectors beyond the health sector to address community health needs. This includes working with agriculture, education, housing, employment, transportation, and other sectors to make services more accessible and community-centric.
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