Interpersonal Relationships and Communication

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes a close relationship from a casual relationship?

Casual relationships fulfill personal needs and desires.

Casual relationships foster emotional attachment.

Close relationships have enduring bonds and emotional attachment. (correct)

Close relationships involve repeated interactions.

Which of the following is a potential drawback of texting as a communication method?

It allows for quick connection.

It may lead to miscommunication due to lack of tone. (correct)

It enhances nonverbal cues in interactions.

It promotes spontaneous discussions.

How does Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self shape our self-identity?

Self-identity is formed solely by personal reflection.

Identity is static and does not change over time.

Looking-glass self emphasizes the importance of isolation in self-discovery.

It suggests identity is created through social interactions and feedback. (correct)

Which type of attraction is characterized by physical appeal?

Sexual attraction Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of using dating apps in interpersonal relationships?

They can facilitate the meeting of new people. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of perceived power in relationships?

It can lead to resentment if one feels controlled. Signup and view all the answers

Which interpersonal style of conflict involves sarcasm and passive aggression?

Indirect fighting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes how Australians, North Americans, and Western Europeans generally prefer to distribute resources?

Based on contributions made by individuals Signup and view all the answers

What type of deception involves misleading others by providing false information?

Lies Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy of gaining compliance encourages people to help each other by trading favors?

Bargaining Signup and view all the answers

In the context of maintaining a relationship, what is a key component when both partners feel satisfaction?

Shared memories and experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of 'ghosting' in the context of breaking up?

One partner ends the relationship without explanation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of power is viewed as healthy in a relationship?

Shared power Signup and view all the answers

The 'mutual fade-out' breakup strategy primarily involves what?

Gradually drifting apart without discussion Signup and view all the answers

In relationships, what is the term for temporary distance where partners may communicate less often but make an effort to connect?

Long-distance management Signup and view all the answers

What does expectancy violations theory suggest about positive violations?

They are behaviors that exceed individuals' expectations positively. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social penetration theory, what does 'breadth' refer to?

The range of topics covered in self-disclosure. Signup and view all the answers

Which attachment style is characterized by a fear of intimacy and abandonment?

Fearful-Avoidant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a negative violation in social interactions?

A partner forgetting an important anniversary. Signup and view all the answers

What does the connection-autonomy dialectical opposition primarily address?

Finding a balance between togetherness and independence. Signup and view all the answers

In Lee's love styles, which style is characterized as being playful and casual?

Ludus Signup and view all the answers

What does prescriptive expectancy refer to in social interactions?

What behavior should occur according to social norms. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of equity theory focuses on the balance of contributions in a relationship?

Fairness Signup and view all the answers

How does culture influence sexual behavior?

It shapes views on premarital sex and gender roles. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about consent?

Silence is considered equivalent to consent. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following styles is characterized by a focus on practical aspects in a relationship?

Pragma Signup and view all the answers

What role does nonverbal immediacy play in face-to-face communication compared to phone communication?

Face-to-face communication is more effective for conveying emotional nuances. Signup and view all the answers

What is one way self-disclosure typically changes as relationships develop?

More personal topics are shared as intimacy increases. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Close Relationships vs. Casual Relationships

Close relationships possess all features of interpersonal relationships plus enduring bonds, emotional attachment (affecting happiness/sadness), and need fulfillment (feeling loved, appreciated).
Casual relationships involve repeated interactions, influencing each other, and unique interaction patterns.

Communication Channels and Interpersonal Relationships

Texting:
Benefits: Quick connection.
Drawbacks: Potential for miscommunication due to lack of nonverbal cues.
Facebook:
Benefits: Allows for planned communication.
Drawbacks: Less spontaneity compared to face-to-face interactions.
Dating apps:
Benefits: Opportunity to meet new people.
Drawbacks: Potential for superficial interactions.

Cooley's Looking-Glass Self

Cooley's concept posits that individuals form their self-image based on how they perceive others perceive them.
Example: If a teacher consistently praises a student's intelligence, the student is likely to internalize that perception and view themselves as intelligent.

Types of Attraction

Physical: Attraction based on appearance.
Example: Charlotte developing a crush on Clayton after seeing his new haircut.
Social: Attraction based on personality.
Example: Charlotte befriending Marin due to her fun and enjoyable personality.
Task: Attraction based on abilities.
Sexual: Attraction based on desire for intimacy.
Chemical: Attraction based on brain chemistry (e.g., oxytocin).
Fatal: Qualities that initially attract later cause problems.

Expectancy Violations Theory

The theory examines how individuals react to unexpected behaviors in social interactions based on expectations and social norms.
Predictive expectancies: Anticipated behaviors.
Prescriptive expectancies: Behaviors deemed appropriate.
Positive violation: Behavior better than expected.
Example: A friend bringing a thoughtful gift.
Negative violation: Behavior worse than expected.
Example: A friend forgetting a significant date.

Dialectical Oppositions

Integration:
Connection-Autonomy: Balancing time together and alone.
Inclusion-Seclusion: Balancing group activities and private time.
Certainty:
Predictability-Novelty: Balancing routine and spontaneity.
Conventionality-Uniqueness: Balancing traditions and personal rituals.
Expression:
Openness-Closedness: Balancing sharing and concealing information.
Revelation-Concealment: Balancing sharing and hiding aspects of life.

Explains how self-disclosure changes as relationships develop.
Breadth: Variety of topics shared.
Example: Casual conversations about hobbies.
Depth: Personal topics shared.
Example: Sharing fears or beliefs.

Affection and Immediacy in Phone Calls

Affection: Emojis, affectionate texts.
Immediacy: Frequent texting to maintain involvement.
Face-to-face: Advantages in nonverbal cues (tone, facial expressions).
Technology: Reduced nonverbal cues in online interactions.

Lee's Love Styles

Eros (Romantic): Passionate love.
Storge (Companionate): Friendship-based love.
Ludus (Playful): Relationships viewed as fun, casual, and playful.
Example: Joey in "Friends."
Mania (Obsessive): Jealous and possessive love.
Example: Stephen from "Tell Me Lies."
Agape (Selfless): Unconditional love, focused on giving.
Pragma (Practical): Logical love, seeking specific characteristics.
Example: Claire Dunphy in "Modern Family."

Attachment Styles

Secure: Comfortable with closeness.
Preoccupied: High dependency, clinging to relationships.
Dismissive: Independence over intimacy, views relationships as nonessential.
Fearful-Avoidant: Fear of intimacy and abandonment.

Cultural Influence on Sexual Behavior

Cultural values shape views on premarital sex and gender roles. (Western cultures became more liberal after the sexual revolution).

Definition: Mutual, enthusiastic agreement.
Misconceptions: Silence doesn't equal consent, subtle non-verbal cues.

Equity Theory

Maximize benefits: Seeking rewards exceeding costs.
Fair rules: Sharing tasks fairly.
Reward fairness: Fairness leads to trust, unfairness leads to resentment.
Cross-cultural differences: U.S./Western cultures prefer equity; Asian/Eastern cultures prefer equality.

Relationship Advice for Rachel (Chapter 10)

Positivity: Maintain a positive outlook.
Openness: Communicate openly.
Assurances: Reassure each other.
Social networking: Maintain social connections.
Task sharing: Share responsibilities.

Interpersonal Conflict Styles

Competitive: Winning the argument.
Compromising: Finding a middle ground.
Collaborating: Reaching a win-win solution.
Indirect: Sarcasm, passive-aggression.
Avoiding: Ignoring the conflict.
Yielding: Giving in to avoid conflict.

Power Principles

Power's perception: Perceived control impacts resentment.
Power's existence: Power exists in relationships.
Healthy Relationships: Share power.
Power through resources: Controlling resources is problematic.
Power's effect: Power can be positive (support) or negative (control).

Persuasive Strategies

Hinting: Subtle suggestions.
Bargaining: Trading favors.
Consistency: Maintaining a consistent approach.

Deception

Definition: Intentionally misleading others.
Types: Lies, equivocation, concealment, exaggeration, understatement.
Justification: Deception for the benefit of others.
Betrayal: Deception for selfish reasons.

Investment Model

Satisfaction: Happiness in the relationship.
Alternatives: Availability of others.
Investment: Time, energy, and resources.

Breakup Strategies

Ghosting: Cutting off all communication without explanation.
Mutual Fade-Out: Both gradually drift apart.
Blame Game: Blaming each other for the breakup.
Direct Dump: One person announces the breakup.

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Description

This quiz explores the differences between close and casual relationships, as well as the impact of various communication channels like texting and social media on interpersonal connections. Additionally, it delves into Cooley's Looking-Glass Self theory, highlighting how self-image is influenced by others' perceptions.