Interpersonal Relationships and Communication
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes a close relationship from a casual relationship?

  • Casual relationships fulfill personal needs and desires.
  • Casual relationships foster emotional attachment.
  • Close relationships have enduring bonds and emotional attachment. (correct)
  • Close relationships involve repeated interactions.

    • Which of the following is a potential drawback of texting as a communication method?

  • It allows for quick connection.
  • It may lead to miscommunication due to lack of tone. (correct)
  • It enhances nonverbal cues in interactions.
  • It promotes spontaneous discussions.

    • How does Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self shape our self-identity?

  • Self-identity is formed solely by personal reflection.
  • Identity is static and does not change over time.
  • Looking-glass self emphasizes the importance of isolation in self-discovery.
  • It suggests identity is created through social interactions and feedback. (correct)

    • Which type of attraction is characterized by physical appeal?

    <p>Sexual attraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using dating apps in interpersonal relationships?

    <p>They can facilitate the meeting of new people. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of perceived power in relationships?

    <p>It can lead to resentment if one feels controlled. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interpersonal style of conflict involves sarcasm and passive aggression?

    <p>Indirect fighting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes how Australians, North Americans, and Western Europeans generally prefer to distribute resources?

    <p>Based on contributions made by individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of deception involves misleading others by providing false information?

    <p>Lies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy of gaining compliance encourages people to help each other by trading favors?

    <p>Bargaining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of maintaining a relationship, what is a key component when both partners feel satisfaction?

    <p>Shared memories and experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of 'ghosting' in the context of breaking up?

    <p>One partner ends the relationship without explanation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of power is viewed as healthy in a relationship?

    <p>Shared power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'mutual fade-out' breakup strategy primarily involves what?

    <p>Gradually drifting apart without discussion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relationships, what is the term for temporary distance where partners may communicate less often but make an effort to connect?

    <p>Long-distance management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does expectancy violations theory suggest about positive violations?

    <p>They are behaviors that exceed individuals' expectations positively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of social penetration theory, what does 'breadth' refer to?

    <p>The range of topics covered in self-disclosure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachment style is characterized by a fear of intimacy and abandonment?

    <p>Fearful-Avoidant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best exemplifies a negative violation in social interactions?

    <p>A partner forgetting an important anniversary. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the connection-autonomy dialectical opposition primarily address?

    <p>Finding a balance between togetherness and independence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Lee's love styles, which style is characterized as being playful and casual?

    <p>Ludus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does prescriptive expectancy refer to in social interactions?

    <p>What behavior should occur according to social norms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of equity theory focuses on the balance of contributions in a relationship?

    <p>Fairness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does culture influence sexual behavior?

    <p>It shapes views on premarital sex and gender roles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about consent?

    <p>Silence is considered equivalent to consent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following styles is characterized by a focus on practical aspects in a relationship?

    <p>Pragma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nonverbal immediacy play in face-to-face communication compared to phone communication?

    <p>Face-to-face communication is more effective for conveying emotional nuances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way self-disclosure typically changes as relationships develop?

    <p>More personal topics are shared as intimacy increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Close Relationship vs. Casual Relationship

    Close relationships have enduring bonds, emotional attachment, and fulfill needs, while casual relationships have repeated interactions but lack deep emotional connection or need fulfillment.

    Looking-Glass Self

    The concept that our self-image is shaped by how we believe others perceive us.

    Technology's Impact on Relationships

    Technology influences relationships by providing different ways to interact, potentially either strengthening or hindering communication and connection.

    Types of Attraction

    Different reasons why we're drawn to others, such as physical appearance, similarity of interests, and shared values. The text mentions six.

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    Examples of Attraction

    Specific examples of attraction types, such as physical attraction and similarity attraction. Examples of different types of attractions.

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    Expectancy Violations Theory

    A theory explaining how people react to unexpected behaviors in social interactions.

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    Predictive Expectancies

    Behaviors people think will occur in a social interaction.

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    Prescriptive Expectancies

    Behaviors people think should occur in a social interaction.

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    Positive Violation

    Unexpected behavior that is better than expected.

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    Negative Violation

    Unexpected behavior worse than expected.

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    Connection-Autonomy

    Balancing the need for connection with the need for independence in relationships.

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    Inclusion-Seclusion

    Balancing the need for socializing with the need for alone time in relationships.

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    Predictability-Novelty

    Balancing the need for routine with the need for excitement in relationships.

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    Openness-Closedness

    Balancing the need to share with others with the need to keep some aspects of yourself private.

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    Social Penetration Theory

    How self-disclosure changes as relationships develop.

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    Consent

    Mutual, enthusiastic agreement.

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    Attachment styles

    Patterns of relating to others, formed in childhood, affecting adult relationships.

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    Secure Attachment

    Comfortable with closeness and independence in relationships.

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    Preoccupied Attachment

    High dependency and clinginess in relationships.

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    Equity vs. Equality

    Equity is distributing resources based on individual contributions; Equality distributes resources equally regardless of contribution.

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    Power in Relationships

    Power is the ability to influence others. In healthy relationships, it is shared and balanced.

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    Power as Perception

    The perception of being controlled by someone can lead to resentment, even if the control is not intended.

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    What is Competitive Fighting?

    A conflict style where one person tries to win by ignoring the other's perspective (win-lose).

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    What is Compromising?

    A conflict style where both parties find a middle ground, both giving up something to reach a solution.

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    What is Collaborating?

    A conflict approach where both parties work together to find a solution that benefits both (win-win).

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    What is Hinting?

    A persuasive technique where subtle suggestions are used to encourage compliance, avoiding direct requests.

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    What is Deception?

    Intentionally misleading someone by providing false information.

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    Investment Model of Relationships

    People stay in relationships based on their satisfaction, alternative options, and investment in the relationship.

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    What is Ghosting?

    Breaking up with someone by abruptly cutting off all communication without explanation.

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    Study Notes

    Close Relationships vs. Casual Relationships

    • Close relationships possess all features of interpersonal relationships plus enduring bonds, emotional attachment (affecting happiness/sadness), and need fulfillment (feeling loved, appreciated).
    • Casual relationships involve repeated interactions, influencing each other, and unique interaction patterns.

    Communication Channels and Interpersonal Relationships

    • Texting:
    • Benefits: Quick connection.
    • Drawbacks: Potential for miscommunication due to lack of nonverbal cues.
    • Facebook:
    • Benefits: Allows for planned communication.
    • Drawbacks: Less spontaneity compared to face-to-face interactions.
    • Dating apps:
    • Benefits: Opportunity to meet new people.
    • Drawbacks: Potential for superficial interactions.

    Cooley's Looking-Glass Self

    • Cooley's concept posits that individuals form their self-image based on how they perceive others perceive them.
    • Example: If a teacher consistently praises a student's intelligence, the student is likely to internalize that perception and view themselves as intelligent.

    Types of Attraction

    • Physical: Attraction based on appearance.
    • Example: Charlotte developing a crush on Clayton after seeing his new haircut.
    • Social: Attraction based on personality.
    • Example: Charlotte befriending Marin due to her fun and enjoyable personality.
    • Task: Attraction based on abilities.
    • Sexual: Attraction based on desire for intimacy.
    • Chemical: Attraction based on brain chemistry (e.g., oxytocin).
    • Fatal: Qualities that initially attract later cause problems.

    Expectancy Violations Theory

    • The theory examines how individuals react to unexpected behaviors in social interactions based on expectations and social norms.
    • Predictive expectancies: Anticipated behaviors.
    • Prescriptive expectancies: Behaviors deemed appropriate.
    • Positive violation: Behavior better than expected.
    • Example: A friend bringing a thoughtful gift.
    • Negative violation: Behavior worse than expected.
    • Example: A friend forgetting a significant date.

    Dialectical Oppositions

    • Integration:
    • Connection-Autonomy: Balancing time together and alone.
    • Inclusion-Seclusion: Balancing group activities and private time.
    • Certainty:
    • Predictability-Novelty: Balancing routine and spontaneity.
    • Conventionality-Uniqueness: Balancing traditions and personal rituals.
    • Expression:
    • Openness-Closedness: Balancing sharing and concealing information.
    • Revelation-Concealment: Balancing sharing and hiding aspects of life.

    Social Penetration Theory

    • Explains how self-disclosure changes as relationships develop.
    • Breadth: Variety of topics shared.
    • Example: Casual conversations about hobbies.
    • Depth: Personal topics shared.
    • Example: Sharing fears or beliefs.

    Affection and Immediacy in Phone Calls

    • Affection: Emojis, affectionate texts.
    • Immediacy: Frequent texting to maintain involvement.
    • Face-to-face: Advantages in nonverbal cues (tone, facial expressions).
    • Technology: Reduced nonverbal cues in online interactions.

    Lee's Love Styles

    • Eros (Romantic): Passionate love.
    • Storge (Companionate): Friendship-based love.
    • Ludus (Playful): Relationships viewed as fun, casual, and playful.
    • Example: Joey in "Friends."
    • Mania (Obsessive): Jealous and possessive love.
    • Example: Stephen from "Tell Me Lies."
    • Agape (Selfless): Unconditional love, focused on giving.
    • Pragma (Practical): Logical love, seeking specific characteristics.
    • Example: Claire Dunphy in "Modern Family."

    Attachment Styles

    • Secure: Comfortable with closeness.
    • Preoccupied: High dependency, clinging to relationships.
    • Dismissive: Independence over intimacy, views relationships as nonessential.
    • Fearful-Avoidant: Fear of intimacy and abandonment.

    Cultural Influence on Sexual Behavior

    • Cultural values shape views on premarital sex and gender roles. (Western cultures became more liberal after the sexual revolution).
    • Definition: Mutual, enthusiastic agreement.
    • Misconceptions: Silence doesn't equal consent, subtle non-verbal cues.

    Equity Theory

    • Maximize benefits: Seeking rewards exceeding costs.
    • Fair rules: Sharing tasks fairly.
    • Reward fairness: Fairness leads to trust, unfairness leads to resentment.
    • Cross-cultural differences: U.S./Western cultures prefer equity; Asian/Eastern cultures prefer equality.

    Relationship Advice for Rachel (Chapter 10)

    • Positivity: Maintain a positive outlook.
    • Openness: Communicate openly.
    • Assurances: Reassure each other.
    • Social networking: Maintain social connections.
    • Task sharing: Share responsibilities.

    Interpersonal Conflict Styles

    • Competitive: Winning the argument.
    • Compromising: Finding a middle ground.
    • Collaborating: Reaching a win-win solution.
    • Indirect: Sarcasm, passive-aggression.
    • Avoiding: Ignoring the conflict.
    • Yielding: Giving in to avoid conflict.

    Power Principles

    • Power's perception: Perceived control impacts resentment.
    • Power's existence: Power exists in relationships.
    • Healthy Relationships: Share power.
    • Power through resources: Controlling resources is problematic.
    • Power's effect: Power can be positive (support) or negative (control).

    Persuasive Strategies

    • Hinting: Subtle suggestions.
    • Bargaining: Trading favors.
    • Consistency: Maintaining a consistent approach.

    Deception

    • Definition: Intentionally misleading others.
    • Types: Lies, equivocation, concealment, exaggeration, understatement.
    • Justification: Deception for the benefit of others.
    • Betrayal: Deception for selfish reasons.

    Investment Model

    • Satisfaction: Happiness in the relationship.
    • Alternatives: Availability of others.
    • Investment: Time, energy, and resources.

    Breakup Strategies

    • Ghosting: Cutting off all communication without explanation.
    • Mutual Fade-Out: Both gradually drift apart.
    • Blame Game: Blaming each other for the breakup.
    • Direct Dump: One person announces the breakup.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the differences between close and casual relationships, as well as the impact of various communication channels like texting and social media on interpersonal connections. Additionally, it delves into Cooley's Looking-Glass Self theory, highlighting how self-image is influenced by others' perceptions.

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