Internet and WWW

The Internet and the Web: An Overview

• The World Wide Web is a collection of web pages connected via hyperlinks and URLs.
• The Internet is the world's largest network.
• The Internet is also referred to as the Net.
• The Net links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals worldwide.
• Vinton Gray Cerf and Bob Kahn are known as the Fathers of the Internet, co-designers of the TCP/IP protocols and the architecture of the Internet.

Key Differences between the Internet and the Web

• The Internet is a network of computer networks using cables or wireless to communicate, serving as a large container. Example: A restaurant
• The Web is a collection of web pages interconnected via hyperlinks and URLs, considered a component within the Internet container. Example: A dish on the restaurant menu
• The Internet uses TCP/IP for data transmission and hardware.
• The Web uses HTTP to link files and relies on Software as a service.

Uses of the Internet

• Accessing information, news, and research.
• Communicating globally.
• Banking and investment activities are performed.
• Shopping for goods and services.
• Accessing educational materials.
• Finding entertainment.
• Exchanging files and sharing documents.
• Providing and sharing a variety of media (photos, audio, video).

History of Internet

• The internet was first conceived as a networking project by the Pentagon's ARPA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense.
• ARPA's goal was to create a network that allowed scientists in different locations to share information on military and scientific projects, and the network would still function even if part of it was disabled or destroyed.
• ARPANET became functional in September 1969, linking scientific and academic researchers in the United States.
• The original ARPANET was a WAN consisting of four main computers at UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute, and the University of Utah; each served as a host node.
• In 1984, ARPANET had significant growth and had over 1,000 individuals linked as hosts.
• In 1986, the NSF connected its network to ARPANET and this became known as the Internet.
• As of today, more than 100 million hosts connect to the Internet.
• In 1995, NSFnet ended in use of its network and returned to status as a research network.

How the Internet Works

• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a business providing permanent internet connections to individuals/companies, free or for fee.
• An Internet Protocol (IP) Address is a series of numbers that uniquely identifies devices/servers connected to the Internet.
• A Domain Name is a text version of an IP address, containing a Top-Level Domain (TLD) abbreviation indicating organization type (e.g., www.feu.edu.ph).
• A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), also called a Web address, is a Web page's unique address.
• The URL tells the browser where to locate the documents.
• A URL consists of a protocol, domain name, and the path to a specific Web page.
• The communications standard called hypertext transfer protocol called http transfers pages on the Web.
• A Web server is a computer that delivers Web pages.

Top-Level Domain Abbreviations

• .com is used for Commercial Organizations, Businesses, and Companies.
• .edu is used for Educational Institutions.
• .gov is used for Goverment Agencies.
• .mil is used for Military Organizations.
• .net is used for Network Providers.
• .org is used for Non-Profit Organizations.

Types of Internet

• Internet is the main public network.
• Intranet is a closed network for a select group.
• Extranet is a halfway house between an intranet and the internet, giving external users controlled access to an intranet.
• Dial-up, an older, slow internet connection using a phone line.
• Leased line is a dedicated phone line used to connect to the internet for big organizations.
• ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) can connect computers/faxes/telephones using a modem.
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) uses a modern for making an intenet connection and is 10x faster than dial-up.
• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) features a faster download speed than upload; common for downloading data.
• SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line) offers near equal download and upload speeds.
• Cable modem connects through a TV cable.
• Wireless or Wi-Fi is a common connection type for laptops/smartphones; ranges 5-20Mbps.
• Broadband is a high-speed internet, with a transfer rate of 100Mbps.
• Satellite connections have low internet speeds 513kbps-2Mbps.
• Cellular connections are provided by mobile companies using 3G.

Types of Networks

• Local Area Networks (LANs) are geographically close.
• Wide Area Networks (WANs) are farther apart, connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
• Campus Area Networks (CANs) are within a limited geographic location.
• Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) are designed for a town or city.
• Home Area Networks (HANs) connect devices within a user's home.
• Personal Area Networks (PANs) are arranged within a range of 10 meters.

World Wide Web (WWW) Details

• It consists of a global collection of electronic documents.
• It emerged in the early 1990s.
• Tim Berners Lee invented the WWW in 1989 and founded the WWWConsortium.
• A Website is a collection of related Web pages.
• Web pages are electronic documents containing text, graphics, sound, and video, with built-in connections to other documents.

Browsing the Web

• A Web browser is software used to access and view Web pages.
• Commonly used browsers include Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Safari, Google Chrome, Opera, Lynx, Microsoft Edge, and Konqueror.
• A home page is the starting page for a browser or a Web site.
• A hyperlink, or link, is a built-in connection to another Web page or part of a Web page and allows nonlinear navigation.

Key Parts of a Web Browser

• Menu Bar displays different menus for specific commands.
• Title Bar shows the name of the current Web page.
• Tool Bar provides shortcut tools for frequently used commands.
• Location/Title Bar is the place where the internet address written.
• Browser Pane displays the current webpage.
• Status Bar indicates the progress of loading a Web page.
• Scroll Bar enables navigation when the content exceeds the screen size.

Categories of Webpages

• Static webpages have content and layout that does not change with each request.
• Dynamic webpages can change content or appearance based on user interactions or changes in data.

Webpage Category by Location

• A Home page is often the first page a visitor sees.
• Intermediate pages are immediately accessible from the Home/Index page.
• Content pages provide topic details and are usually accessible from Intermediate pages.

Webpage Category by Content

• Advocacy pages supported by organizations to influence opinion, .org is commonly used
• Business and Marketing pages are supported by commercial services and are used to sell or market products with .com often used.
• News pages: News is a page for information about current events and issues that end with the .com domain.
• Informational pages present facts and end with the .edu or .gov domain.
• Personal pages are created for personal needs and frequently has a tilde (~) in the address.

Multimedia Attributes

• Text files.
• Photographs and still images (.jpg, .png, .tif, .bmp).
• Audio Files (.mp3, .wav, .wma).
• Video (.avi, .wmv, .flv, .mov, .mp4).
• Animations (.gif, .flv).

Explore the key differences between the Internet and the World Wide Web. Learn about the history, protocols, and uses of these systems. Test your knowledge with multiple-choice questions.