Lesson 1: The Internet and the Web - PDF

Lesson 1 The Internet and the Web ITC 1101 – Multimedia 1 Mrs. Rosemarie M. Coronejo Department of Mathematics Institute of Arts and Sciences FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY Outline Difference between the net and the Web Internet o History o Types of internet o Types of...

Lesson 1 The Internet and the Web ITC 1101 – Multimedia 1 Mrs. Rosemarie M. Coronejo Department of Mathematics Institute of Arts and Sciences FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY Outline Difference between the net and the Web Internet o History o Types of internet o Types of network World Wide Web o Types of websites The internet and the web The internet and the web INTERNET WORLD WIDE WEB Net Web collection of computer networks connected together collection of web pages through cable or wireless connected through communication medium. hyperlinks and URLs Considered as a very large A part within the container container Example: a restaurant Example: Dish on the menu Hardware of the restaurant Uses TCP/IP for data Software; one of the transmission services provided by the internet Uses HTTP to link files and The Internet the Internet is the world’s largest network It is also called the Net, is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. Vinton Gray Cerf & Bob Kahn, Fathers of Internet, co-designers of the TCP/IP protocols and the architecture of the Internet. Uses of Internet Access a wealth of information, news, and research material Communicate with others around the world Bank and investment Shop for goods and services Take a course or access other educational material Access or download sources of entertainment and leisure such as music, movies, online games, magazines, and vacation planning guides Access other computers and exchange files Share and edit documents with others Provide information, photographs, audio clips, or video clips History of internet It all started in a networking project by the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense. ARPA’s goals was to build a network that: allowed scientist at different locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects; and could function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster such as a nuclear attack. History of internet that network, called ARPANET, became functional in September 1969, linking scientific and academic researchers in the United States. the original ARPANET was a wide area network (WAN) consisting of four main computers – one each located at the UCLA, UC at Santa Barbara, the Stanford Research Institute, and the University of Utah. Each of these computers served as the network’s host nodes. History of internet In 1984, ARPANET underwent phenomenal growth, it had more than 1,000 individuals linked as hosts. Today, more than 100 million hosts connect to the Internet. In 1986, the National Science Foundation, connected its huge network of five supercomputer centers, called NSFnet, to ARPANET. This configuration of complex networks and hosts became known as the Internet. In 1995, NSFnet terminated its network on the Internet and returned its status to a research network. How internet works? Internet service provider (ISP) is a business that has a permanent Internet connection and offers temporary connections to individuals and companies free or for a fee. Internet Protocol (IP) Address – series of numbers that uniquely identifies each computer, server, device or website connected to the Internet (e.g. 192.168.0.1) Domain Name – the text version of an IP address; contains a top-level domain (TLD) abbreviation that identifies the type of organization that is associated with the domain (e.g. www.feu.edu.ph) How internet works? Some Top-Level Domain Abbreviations com - commercial organizations, businesses, and companies edu - educational institutions gov - government agencies mil - military organizations net - network provider org - non-profit organizations How internet works? Uniform Resource Locator (URL), also called a Web address, is a Web page’s unique address. It tells the browser where to locate the documents. A URL consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific Web page. http or hypertext transfer protocol, is the communications standard that enables pages to transfer on the Web. A Web server is a computer that delivers (serves) Web pages you request Structure of URL Sample URL: http://www.intel.com/pressroom/index.asp protocol Host computer Path, folder, address (domain) filename Types of internet Internet. o Public network, available for all. Intranet. o Closed network, available only for select group of people Extranet. o somewhat a halfway house between an intranet and the internet. o permits controlled access to authorized external users to an intranet. Types of internet 1. Dialup connection: It is an old way of connecting to the internet. Dialup connection uses a phone line and is very slow. You can either make a call on the phone or connect to the internet. The connection time is high in dialup connection. The internet speed is also very slow. You cannot do video/audio chat on this type of connection. Also downloading any file is very slow. Nowadays this type of connection is not used. 2. Leased line: Leased line is a dedicated phone line used to connect to the internet. A leased line is used by big organizations. Some universities still use a leased line for making a connection to the internet. 3. ISDN (Integrated service digital network): In this type of internet you can connect a computer, fax machine or telephone line to single ISDN. ISDN uses a modem to connect different devices. ISDN is costly than Dialup connection. You can transfer Types of internet 4. DSL (Digital subscriber line): DSL uses the modem for making an internet connection. It is 10 times faster than a dialup connection. Also, the voice quality of telephone is not affected when you use the internet at the same time. 5. ADSL (Asymmetric digital subscriber line): It is mostly used type of DSL and in this type of connection, download internet speed is high than upload internet speed. Mostly you use the internet for downloading data. And we upload files less. 6. SDSL (Symmetric digital subscriber line): This is also a type of DSL but it has almost same download and upload speed. 7. Cable modem: In this type of network you can connect modem with TV cable and internet. Types of internet 8. Wireless or Wi-Fi: Wireless connection is the most common type of internet connection by which you can connect laptops, smartphone, and other digital devices with the internet. The internet speed of Wi-Fi ranges from 5Mbps to 20 Mbps. Wi-Fi uses radio frequency to transfer data. 9. Broadband: This is a very high-speed internet with a transfer rate of 100Mbps. The internet speed depends upon the cables i.e. coaxial cable or fiber optics. Coaxial cables loss some data during transferring data. 11.Satellite: In this type of internet you can make a connection with the satellite but it has low internet speed i.e. 513 kbps to 2Mbps 12.Cellular: This type of internet connection is given by mobile companies to its users. The cellular connection uses 3G Types of Network local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building). wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves. campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited geographic area, such as a campus or military base. metropolitan-area networks (MANs): A data network designed for a town or city. home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's home that connects a person's digital devices. Personal area networks (PANs): a network arranged within an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters, may include laptop, mobile phones, media player and play stations. The World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW) or Web consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents. It is a newer component of the Internet that emerged in the early 1990s. The most widely used service on the Internet. Tim Berners Lee (TimBL), inventor of WWW in 1989, founding Director of WWWConsortium. A Web site is a collection of related Web pages. Web page are the electronic documents on the Web which contain text, graphics, sound, and video, as well as built-in connection to other documents. Browsing the Web A Web browser, or browser, is a software program that allows you to access and view Web pages. The more widely used Web browsers for personal computers are: - Internet Explorer - Mozilla Firefox - Konqueror - Netscape - Safari - Lynx - Google Chrome - Opera - Microsoft Edge. A home page, the starting page for a browser, is similar to a book cover or a table of contents for a Web site. A hyperlink, also called a link, is a built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page. Links allow you to obtain information in a nonlinear way. Categories of Webpages According to Type o Static webpages don’t change content or layout with every request to the web server. o Dynamic web pages can adapt their content or appearance depending on the user’s interactions, changes in data supplied by an application, or as an evolution over time, as on a news web site. Categories of Webpages According to location: o The Home page: often the first page which a visitor sees (sometimes a Welcome page precedes this). o Intermediate pages: these are the pages which are "the next level down", immediately accessible from the Home/Index page. Usually, you'll want to place a link back to the Home/ Index page from each of these intermediate pages. o Content pages: these contain topic details and are usually accessible from Intermediate pages. Often, Content pages may also include a link back to the Home page in addition to other relevant links. Categories of Webpages According to content: o Advocacy - sponsored by an organization to influence opinion. The URL address of this type of page frequently ends in.org. Examples: Democratic Party, Green Party, Human Rights Council, Amnesty International. o Business and Marketing - sponsored by a commercial enterprise that is typically trying to sell or market their services/products. The URL address frequently ends in.com. Examples: Ford Motor Co., Hewlett Packard, Amazon.com. o News – a webpage whose purpose is to provide timely information about current events and issues. The URL address frequently ends in.com. Example: San Francisco Chronicle, CNN, MSNBC. Categories of Webpages According to content: o Informational – the webpage's purpose is to present factual information. This includes reports, research findings, and general topical information. The URL address frequently ends with.edu or.gov. Example: San Jose Sate University, State of California, United States Department of Defense. o Personal - created by an individual for his/her own personal need. The URL frequently has a tilde (~) somewhere in the address. Multimedia on the Web Multimedia refers to any computer application that integrates text with one or more of the following elements: graphics, sound, video, virtual reality, or other media elements. o Text materials (txt, doc, docx, pdf) o Photographs and Other Still Images (jpg, png, tif, bmp) o Audio files (mp3, wav, wma) o Video presentations (avi, wmv, flv, mov, mp4) o GIFs and other forms of animation (gif, flv)