International Trade and Foreign Trade Zones

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Questions and Answers

What does the Delivery Gap refer to?

  • The time taken to resolve customer complaints
  • The cost of delivering services to customers
  • The difference between expected and actual service provided (correct)
  • The discrepancy between profit margins and service quality

Which statement about cultural factors is true?

  • Power distance refers to the equal distribution of power in society.
  • Cultural differences are always minimal and do not affect business.
  • Culture encompasses shared meanings, beliefs, and values of a group. (correct)
  • Most countries primarily communicate through written documents.

What distinguishes a Strategic Alliance from other types of partnerships?

  • It creates an equity partnership between the firms.
  • It requires a formal legal contract to be valid.
  • It involves a financial investment from both firms.
  • It is a collaborative relationship without equity sharing. (correct)

Which type of scorecard takes into account the costs associated with doing business over time?

<p>Cost-based Scorecards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an action that governments typically take to influence trade?

<p>Implementing tariffs and trade agreements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for implementing tariffs?

<p>Protect local businesses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major issue faced when importing goods?

<p>Government regulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of an embargo?

<p>A restriction on trade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a trade deficit?

<p>Importing more than exporting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shift occurs in responsibility during international shipping according to Inco-terms?

<p>From buyers to shippers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gini Index measure?

<p>Income distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with services?

<p>Homogeneous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least risky strategy for entering foreign markets?

<p>Exporting products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GDP measure?

<p>The yearly value of finished goods and services produced within a country's borders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of a Free Market?

<p>It allows consumers and competitors to interact freely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a KPI for sustainability?

<p>Measuring the cost of sustainability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does high order fill rate indicate?

<p>All orders have been filled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three most important qualities of data?

<p>Accuracy, Completion, Timeliness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a 'Perfect Order'?

<p>An order with no errors throughout the process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of services, what does 'perishable' imply?

<p>Services cannot be stockpiled (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a categorical scorecard measure?

<p>Overall performance check (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a lengthy resolution of service failure have on customers?

<p>Customers experience increased irritation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of infrastructure?

<p>Basic facilities and services essential for a society's function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does power distance represent in a cultural context?

<p>The acceptance of inequality in social structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a strategic alliance?

<p>A collaborative relationship without equity involvement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of scorecard assigns weights to different performance metrics?

<p>Weighted Point Scorecards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of foreign trade zones on customs duty?

<p>Decrease customs duty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the characteristics of services?

<p>Services are perishable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country was the top trading partner for the U.S. in 2023?

<p>Mexico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor when entering foreign markets?

<p>Setting up a new shop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term quota refer to in international trade?

<p>A limit on the amount of imported goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically a direct outcome of inaccuracies in paperwork during importing?

<p>Delays and extra costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which index measures income distribution in a population?

<p>Gini Index (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are brick nations known for in the context of global markets?

<p>Significant opportunities for market growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of OSHA legislation?

<p>To ensure safety and health in the workplace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a KPI?

<p>Risk assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the order fill rate measure?

<p>The ratio of orders fulfilled to orders placed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is essential for data to be effective?

<p>Timeliness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a service is described as 'perishable'?

<p>It cannot be stockpiled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sustainability KPIs primarily used for?

<p>To assess environmental impact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a perfect order in a supply chain context?

<p>An order where every aspect is correctly fulfilled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is measured by GDP?

<p>The yearly value of all finished goods and services produced domestically (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Foreign Trade Zones

Designated areas where goods can be imported, processed, and re-exported without paying customs duties immediately.

Customs Duty

A tax levied on imported goods.

Tariffs (main reason)

Taxes imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries.

Import Issues (Regulations)

Government rules and procedures that can create difficulties for importing businesses.

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Joint Venture

A business arrangement where two or more companies from different countries work together to create a new company.

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Trade Deficit

When a country imports more goods than it exports.

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Globalization

The growing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas.

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Gini Index

A measure of income inequality within a country, ranging from 0 to 100. Zero means equal distribution.

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Delivery Gap

The difference between a company's service standards and the actual service provided to customers.

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Service Failure Resolution Time

The time it takes to fix a problem with a service.

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Infrastructure

Basic facilities and services needed for a community to function.

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Power Distance

The willingness of a society to accept unequal power distributions.

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Strategic Alliance

A collaborative relationship between independent companies without forming a partnership.

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GDP

Yearly value of all finished goods and services produced within a country's borders.

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Free Market

Market where consumer and competitor needs are prioritized.

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OSHA

Legislation regarding safety and health issues.

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Order Fill Rate

Ratio of orders filled to total orders.

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Perfect Order

Order execution with no errors.

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Sustainability KPI's

Key performance indicators for measuring a company's commitment to sustainability.

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Knowledge Gap

Difference between customer expectations and company perception of those expectations.

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Service

A deed, performance, or effort that cannot be physically possessed.

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Dense Area

A geographical region with a high concentration of people, businesses, and infrastructure. This leads to higher demand for resources like money, stores, and services.

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Universal Application

A concept or solution that can be applied to everyone, but may require adjustments based on individual needs and circumstances.

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Productivity

The efficiency of a worker or process in producing goods or services.

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What is a tariff?

A tax imposed on imported goods to protect local businesses.

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What is a trade deficit?

When a country imports more goods than it exports.

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What is the Gini Index?

A measure of income inequality within a country, ranging from 0 to 100. Zero means equal distribution, 100 means one person holds all the income.

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What is an embargo?

Prohibition of trade with another country.

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What does a 'Zone of Tolerance' mean?

The allowed range of time for arrival, from the minimum acceptable to the desired expectation.

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What are the four key characteristics of services?

Services are intangible, inseparable, heterogeneous, and perishable.

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What is a Joint Venture?

Two or more international companies working together to create a new company.

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What's the difference between a 'service dominant' and a 'product dominant' company?

A service dominant company focuses primarily on providing services (like a doctor's office), while a product dominant company focuses mainly on selling tangible goods.

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What is a Delivery Gap?

The difference between a company's promised service standards and the actual service delivered to customers.

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How does service failure time impact customers?

The longer it takes to resolve a service failure, the more frustrated and dissatisfied the customers will become.

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What is a Free Market?

A market where companies primarily consider the needs of consumers and competitors in their decision-making processes.

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Study Notes

Foreign Trade Zones

  • Aims to decrease customs duty (taxes)
  • Main reason for implementing tariffs: Protect domestic businesses first
  • Government regulations are a concern when importing
  • Inaccurate paperwork results in delays and added costs
  • USMCA includes the US, Canada, and Mexico

Macro-influences

  • Geo-political issues are a factor
  • Embargo: Trade restrictions imposed
  • Incoterms: Define responsibility shifts during international shipping
  • Joint ventures: Two or more international companies form a new entity

Trading Companies & Entities

  • Mexico is the top trading partner for the US (2023)
  • Zone of tolerance: Acceptable time allowance for arrival
  • Service-dominant companies (e.g., doctor's offices) are increasing in the US

Reducing Service Gaps

  • Businesses use trading to reduce service gaps
  • Communication gaps exist between promised service and customer experience
  • Managing customer expectations (promised vs. received)
  • Key characteristics of services: Intangible, inseparable, heterogeneous, perishable
  • Delivery gaps exist between the actual service and service standards/policies

Entering Foreign Markets

  • Direct interaction with customers is important in service delivery (delivery gap)
  • Entering foreign markets through brick-and-mortar is high-risk
  • Exporting is the lowest-risk entry strategy for new markets
  • Increased opportunity for market growth in brick-and-mortar nations
  • Quota limits imported goods
  • Direct investment is the highest possible return

Market Assessment

  • Exchange rates are needed for equilibrium in global market assessments
  • Economic, infrastructure, governmental, and socio-cultural analyses are important
  • Hofstede's framework aids in understanding cultural dimensions (e.g., power distance, individualism)
  • Globalization enables cross-border movement of goods and services

Global Economics

  • GDP - Yearly value of finished goods and services in a country
  • Global markets focus on consumer behavior and competitor analysis
  • OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) oversees safety and health issues
  • Sustainability KPIs include greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and waste

KPI (Key Performance Indicator) Measurements

  • Order fill rate: Orders filled vs. total orders
  • Metrics should be actionable, objective, and focused on results.
  • Perfect order: Achieving all aspects of an order correctly
  • Key KPI qualities include accuracy, completeness, and timeliness
  • Important elements of KPIs include benchmark, target, time frame
  • Sustainability KPIs are essential in monitoring performance
  • Categorical scorecards quantify performance

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