International Relations: Realism Theory

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Questions and Answers

Briefly explain how the security dilemma, as described by realists, can lead to an arms race between two states, even if neither state initially desires conflict.

When one state increases its military capabilities to enhance its security, it can be perceived as a threat by another state. This can lead the second state to increase its own military capabilities, resulting in a cycle of escalation, or an arms race.

How does economic interdependence, a core concept in liberalism, promote peace between states?

Economic interdependence creates mutual benefits and costs associated with conflict. States that are economically intertwined are less likely to engage in conflict because war would disrupt trade, investment, and other economic activities, harming both sides.

According to constructivism, how do shared ideas and norms shape the interests and behaviors of states in the international system?

Constructivism argues that state interests and behaviors are not predetermined. They are shaped by shared ideas, norms, and identities. These factors influence how states perceive each other, define their interests, and determine appropriate courses of action.

Explain how dependency theory, a key concept within Marxism, elucidates the economic relationship between developed and developing countries.

Dependency theory posits that developing countries remain economically and politically dependent on developed nations due to historical and structural inequalities. This dependence perpetuates a cycle of exploitation and unequal development. Signup and view all the answers

How does feminist IR theory challenge traditional understandings of security in international relations?

Feminist IR theory broadens the concept of security beyond military defense to include issues such as gender-based violence, economic inequality, and human rights. It also highlights the ways in which traditional security approaches often neglect the experiences and perspectives of women. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the core assumptions of realism and liberalism regarding the nature of states and the international system.

Realism assumes states are self-interested, rational actors operating in an anarchic system, primarily concerned with power and security. Liberalism, however, posits that states can cooperate, are not the only important actors (emphasizing non-state actors), and that international institutions can foster peace and prosperity. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways might a constructivist scholar critique the realist concept of national interest?

A constructivist would argue that national interest is not a fixed or objective concept, but rather is socially constructed through discourse, norms, and shared understandings. Therefore, national interest can change over time and vary across different contexts depending on prevailing ideas and identities. Signup and view all the answers

How does Marxism explain the phenomenon of imperialism?

Marxism views imperialism as a necessary outcome of capitalism, driven by the need for capitalist states to exploit resources, labor, and markets in other parts of the world in order to sustain economic growth and maintain the dominance of the ruling class. Signup and view all the answers

What are the central tenets of Immanuel Kant's theory of 'perpetual peace', and how do they relate to liberal IR theory?

Kant believed that perpetual peace could be achieved through the spread of democracy, the establishment of international law, and the promotion of economic cooperation (free trade). These tenets align with liberal IR theory's emphasis on cooperation, institutions, and the pacifying effects of democracy and interdependence. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the concept of 'intersectionality' informs feminist analyses of international relations.

Intersectionality recognizes that gender intersects with other social categories such as race, class, and sexuality to shape individuals' experiences and power dynamics. Feminist IR scholars use this concept to analyze how these intersecting identities influence women's roles in global politics, the gendered impacts of conflict, and the pursuit of social justice. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

International Relations (IR)

Interactions between states and non-state actors in the international system.

Realism in IR

Theory emphasizing power and self-interest as primary drivers in international politics.