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Questions and Answers
What is often the objective of nationalist ideologies?
What is often the objective of nationalist ideologies?
What is a common motivation for individuals to engage in terrorist activities?
What is a common motivation for individuals to engage in terrorist activities?
What has contributed to the rise of nationalist ideologies in recent years?
What has contributed to the rise of nationalist ideologies in recent years?
What is a characteristic of right-wing terrorism?
What is a characteristic of right-wing terrorism?
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What is a challenge to the concept of nationalism?
What is a challenge to the concept of nationalism?
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What is a common approach to understanding terrorism?
What is a common approach to understanding terrorism?
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What is a consequence of nationalist ideologies?
What is a consequence of nationalist ideologies?
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What is a characteristic of fascist ideologies?
What is a characteristic of fascist ideologies?
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What is a possible consequence of the rise of nationalist ideologies?
What is a possible consequence of the rise of nationalist ideologies?
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What is a common feature of separatist movements?
What is a common feature of separatist movements?
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Study Notes
Realism
- Theory that states are primarily motivated by self-interest and security concerns
- Assumes that states are unitary actors that rationally pursue their own interests
- Power is a key feature of the international environment
- States are motivated to increase their power to ensure survival
- International system is characterized by anarchy, with no central authority to regulate state behavior
Defensive Realism
- Begins with same assumptions as realism, but emphasizes cooperation and restraint as means to achieve security
- Recognizes that states may need to balance against each other to maintain security
- Security dilemma: states may increase their power to counter perceived threats, leading to an arms race
Offensive Realism
- Assumes that states are always seeking to increase their power and security
- Hegemony is the ultimate goal, where one state dominates others
- Criticisms of balancing and buck-passing behavior among states
Neo-Classical Realism
- Recognizes that states are not all equal and have different resources and capabilities
- Different types of states (status quo, revisionist, revolutionary) behave differently
- Critiques structural realism for oversimplifying state behavior
Motivational Realism
- Emphasizes that states are motivated by more than just security concerns
- Structure of international system influences state behavior, but does not determine it
- States may act differently based on their own characteristics and motivations
Criticisms of Realism
- Peaceful end of Cold War and increased interdependence among states challenge realist assumptions
- Rise of non-state actors and increased global governance also challenge realism
- Realists respond that the logic of realism still holds, despite changes in international system
Liberalism
- Assumes that progress is possible and that human beings can be perfected
- Commitment to individual liberties, democracy, and economic interdependence
- War is not a natural condition, and peace is the normal state of international relations
- National interests are safeguarded through cooperation and diplomacy, not just military means
Democratic Peace Theory
- Democracies do not go to war with each other
- Republican constitutionalism constrains states and makes war less likely
History of Realism
- Dates back to Ancient Greece, with theorists such as Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes
- Emphasizes the importance of power and security in international relations
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of Realism and Defensive Realism in international relations, including the role of self-interest, power, and anarchy in shaping state behavior.
