10 Questions
What is often the objective of nationalist ideologies?
To establish an independent sovereign state based on a nation
What is a common motivation for individuals to engage in terrorist activities?
Belief in a cause
What has contributed to the rise of nationalist ideologies in recent years?
All of the above
What is a characteristic of right-wing terrorism?
Fighting against a minority group
What is a challenge to the concept of nationalism?
Globalization
What is a common approach to understanding terrorism?
A mixture of individual, economic, and ideological factors
What is a consequence of nationalist ideologies?
Polarization of cultural differences
What is a characteristic of fascist ideologies?
Supporting a system of government with centralized authority
What is a possible consequence of the rise of nationalist ideologies?
The fragmentation of nation-states
What is a common feature of separatist movements?
Pursuing an independent sovereign state based on a nation
Study Notes
Realism
- Theory that states are primarily motivated by self-interest and security concerns
- Assumes that states are unitary actors that rationally pursue their own interests
- Power is a key feature of the international environment
- States are motivated to increase their power to ensure survival
- International system is characterized by anarchy, with no central authority to regulate state behavior
Defensive Realism
- Begins with same assumptions as realism, but emphasizes cooperation and restraint as means to achieve security
- Recognizes that states may need to balance against each other to maintain security
- Security dilemma: states may increase their power to counter perceived threats, leading to an arms race
Offensive Realism
- Assumes that states are always seeking to increase their power and security
- Hegemony is the ultimate goal, where one state dominates others
- Criticisms of balancing and buck-passing behavior among states
Neo-Classical Realism
- Recognizes that states are not all equal and have different resources and capabilities
- Different types of states (status quo, revisionist, revolutionary) behave differently
- Critiques structural realism for oversimplifying state behavior
Motivational Realism
- Emphasizes that states are motivated by more than just security concerns
- Structure of international system influences state behavior, but does not determine it
- States may act differently based on their own characteristics and motivations
Criticisms of Realism
- Peaceful end of Cold War and increased interdependence among states challenge realist assumptions
- Rise of non-state actors and increased global governance also challenge realism
- Realists respond that the logic of realism still holds, despite changes in international system
Liberalism
- Assumes that progress is possible and that human beings can be perfected
- Commitment to individual liberties, democracy, and economic interdependence
- War is not a natural condition, and peace is the normal state of international relations
- National interests are safeguarded through cooperation and diplomacy, not just military means
Democratic Peace Theory
- Democracies do not go to war with each other
- Republican constitutionalism constrains states and makes war less likely
History of Realism
- Dates back to Ancient Greece, with theorists such as Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes
- Emphasizes the importance of power and security in international relations
This quiz covers the basics of Realism and Defensive Realism in international relations, including the role of self-interest, power, and anarchy in shaping state behavior.
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