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Questions and Answers
Which branch of philosophy studies the fundamental and necessary structures of being, independently of their specific and individual manifestations?
Which branch of philosophy studies the fundamental and necessary structures of being, independently of their specific and individual manifestations?
Which of the following statements is associated with objectivist ontology?
Which of the following statements is associated with objectivist ontology?
Which type of epistemology leads to the fact that scholars cannot study the real world, but only the construction of this world?
Which type of epistemology leads to the fact that scholars cannot study the real world, but only the construction of this world?
According to positivism, what is the function of 'explanation' in theory?
According to positivism, what is the function of 'explanation' in theory?
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According to the text, what is one of the substance issues in Constructivism?
According to the text, what is one of the substance issues in Constructivism?
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Who among the following has an anti-foundational epistemology?
Who among the following has an anti-foundational epistemology?
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What is a methodological debate that grew when the discipline of IR became established?
What is a methodological debate that grew when the discipline of IR became established?
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Which scholar proposed constructivism as 'the view that the manner in which the material world shapes and is shaped by human action and interaction depends on dynamic normative and epistemic interpretations of the material world'?
Which scholar proposed constructivism as 'the view that the manner in which the material world shapes and is shaped by human action and interaction depends on dynamic normative and epistemic interpretations of the material world'?
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What was a crisis of the discipline according to the text?
What was a crisis of the discipline according to the text?
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'The environment in which agents/states take action is social as well as material' – Which concept does this statement align with?
'The environment in which agents/states take action is social as well as material' – Which concept does this statement align with?
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Which aspect did the method influence according to the text?
Which aspect did the method influence according to the text?
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'Material structures are only given meaning by the social context through which they are interpreted' – Which theory emphasizes this idea?
'Material structures are only given meaning by the social context through which they are interpreted' – Which theory emphasizes this idea?
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What does Constructivism as a meta-theory focus on?
What does Constructivism as a meta-theory focus on?
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'Socialisation of norms' is a concept associated with which social theory?
'Socialisation of norms' is a concept associated with which social theory?
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According to the text, what is a substantial theory of IR?
According to the text, what is a substantial theory of IR?
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'Ideologies (e.g. liberalism, fascism)' - What type of ideas are these according to Tannenwald (2005)?
'Ideologies (e.g. liberalism, fascism)' - What type of ideas are these according to Tannenwald (2005)?
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What are relevant units of analysis according to the text?
What are relevant units of analysis according to the text?
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'Structures constrain actors, but actors can also transform structures by thinking about them and acting on them in new ways' – Who emphasized this relationship?
'Structures constrain actors, but actors can also transform structures by thinking about them and acting on them in new ways' – Who emphasized this relationship?
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What was an epistemological debate and enlargement of the discipline's boundaries according to the text?
What was an epistemological debate and enlargement of the discipline's boundaries according to the text?
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What does Constructivism question about democracy according to the text?
What does Constructivism question about democracy according to the text?
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Which aspect did the method influence according to the text?
Which aspect did the method influence according to the text?
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How did Constructivism view economic development according to the text?
How did Constructivism view economic development according to the text?
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According to constructivist theories in IR, what is the focus of the empirical approach?
According to constructivist theories in IR, what is the focus of the empirical approach?
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What term is used to describe the notion that the world is the result of 'collective intentionality'?
What term is used to describe the notion that the world is the result of 'collective intentionality'?
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According to Alexander Wendt, what determines the threat posed by nuclear weapons?
According to Alexander Wendt, what determines the threat posed by nuclear weapons?
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In the context of anarchy, which type of anarchy is characterized by states perceiving themselves as friends and resolving disputes peacefully?
In the context of anarchy, which type of anarchy is characterized by states perceiving themselves as friends and resolving disputes peacefully?
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What are the three degrees of 'cultural internalization' as per constructivist theories?
What are the three degrees of 'cultural internalization' as per constructivist theories?
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According to Martha Finnemore's research, how are the norms of international society transmitted to states?
According to Martha Finnemore's research, how are the norms of international society transmitted to states?
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"Rules for the world" by Barnett & Finnemore highlights that international organizations exercise which type of power that influences member states?
"Rules for the world" by Barnett & Finnemore highlights that international organizations exercise which type of power that influences member states?
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'Constructivist research agenda in IR' includes the study of which of the following?
'Constructivist research agenda in IR' includes the study of which of the following?
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'Critiques to Constructivism' from a neo-realist perspective argue that:
'Critiques to Constructivism' from a neo-realist perspective argue that:
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What do constructivists identify as mechanisms of change in the international order?
What do constructivists identify as mechanisms of change in the international order?
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In terms of socialization, what are the two mechanisms through which norms are internalized?
In terms of socialization, what are the two mechanisms through which norms are internalized?
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What is the focus of Kenneth Glarbo's work in the constructivist approach to European cooperation?
What is the focus of Kenneth Glarbo's work in the constructivist approach to European cooperation?
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Study Notes
Philosophy and Ontology
- Ontology studies the fundamental and necessary structures of being, independently of their specific and individual manifestations.
- Objectivist ontology is associated with the statement "there is a real world independent of our perceptions."
Epistemology
- Constructivist epistemology leads to scholars studying the construction of the world, not the real world itself.
- According to positivism, the function of 'explanation' in theory is to describe and predict phenomena.
Constructivism
- Constructivism is the view that the material world is shaped by and shapes human action and interaction through dynamic normative and epistemic interpretations.
- Constructivism emphasizes that material structures are given meaning by the social context through which they are interpreted.
- Constructivism as a meta-theory focuses on the construction of social reality.
- Constructivism questions the concept of democracy, asking whether it is a pre-given concept or a constructed idea.
International Relations
- The crisis of the discipline of IR was the debate between traditionalism and scientific approaches.
- In the context of anarchy, "concerted anarchy" is characterized by states perceiving themselves as friends and resolving disputes peacefully.
- Alexander Wendt states that the threat posed by nuclear weapons is determined by the meanings assigned to them.
- Martha Finnemore's research shows that the norms of international society are transmitted to states through socialization.
Socialization and Norms
- "Socialisation of norms" is a concept associated with constructivist social theory.
- There are three degrees of 'cultural internalization': internalization, adaptation, and rejection.
- Norms are internalized through the mechanisms of socialization: incentivization and social influence.
Power and International Organizations
- International organizations exercise "rational-legal authority" that influences member states.
- Constructivist research agenda in IR includes the study of international organizations and norms.
Critiques and Mechanisms of Change
- Critiques to Constructivism from a neo-realist perspective argue that constructivists overemphasize the role of norms and underemphasize the role of power.
- Mechanisms of change in the international order include socialization, norm internalization, and institutionalization.
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Description
Test your understanding of the lecture on Constructivism in International Relations. Explore topics such as the nature of the social world, causes of war, maintenance of order, democracy's effect on peace, and the influence of economic development on social justice.
