International Relations and Power Concepts

<p>It stabilizes the political structure of the world system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The occurrence of a revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brute force and coercion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Realism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal internationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focuses on shared ideas and social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The significant impact of capitalism and class struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates a decentered, diverse, and pluralistic framework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International focuses on state-to-state, while global includes transnational actors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feminism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal and informal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Peace of Westphalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imperialism and global capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can drive major world events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disparity in development between imperial states and other regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotton, iron, and coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have led to a focus on gender and non-Western perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A return to isolationist policies in Western states</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geo-economic competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marxist</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They believe these issues have been overstated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rise of renewable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They fear the negative consequences it may bring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a principal force for globalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It signifies an acceleration of globalization processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strategic autonomy strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a system of (total) violence affecting various dimensions of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neo-colonialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orientalists</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eurocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social positions of the colonized and marginalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often leads to the presence of foreign military forces in independent nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early 20th century with improved infrastructures and anti-colonial ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological and cultural destruction through racism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postcolonial theory challenges these interpretations by emphasizing the lasting impact of colonial histories on contemporary power structures and inequalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hegemony implies the leadership or dominance of one social group over others, where the ruling class secures consent from the proletariat through cultural norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The global South is economically dependent on the North, exporting raw materials and importing expensive manufactured goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marxism focuses on economic structures and class struggles, while Neorealism emphasizes security and state behavior in an anarchic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marxism emphasizes how imperialism enables the bourgeoisie to mitigate class conflict within Western states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declining terms of trade refer to the rising cost of manufactured goods in relation to the prices of raw materials from the global South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These historical power structures create persistent inequalities and conflicts that are deeply embedded in contemporary global relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>World Systems Theory is primarily concerned with the hierarchical relationships and dependencies that exist between core, semi-periphery, and periphery nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Institutional isomorphism is the process where organizations in similar environments become alike over time. It relates to the internationalization of norms by demonstrating how shared environments can lead to greater homogeneity in global practices and policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three stages are: 1) Norm emergence, where entrepreneurs advocate for change; 2) Norm cascade, where the norm spreads due to conformity pressure; and 3) Norm internalization, where the norm becomes taken-for-granted and no longer debated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Homogeneity does not mean calm' suggests that even when states adopt similar norms and practices, conflicts and tensions can still arise due to differing historical, cultural, or political contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same norms can become transmuted as they adapt to various cultural, political, or social contexts, leading to different interpretations and implementations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norm entrepreneurs are advocates who work to promote and instigate change, often emerging from NGOs and International Organizations (IOs), which play a critical role in introducing new norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructivists believe that identities and interests are formed through interactions rather than being given or inherent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructivists argue that anarchy is not an ultimate cause of action but is what states make of it through their interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power is embedded within norms and influences how states and non-state actors compete to redefine these norms and the boundaries of communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wendt argues that both realism and liberalism are rationalist perspectives that take state identities and interests as given in international relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructivists assert that international order is created through consensus around fundamental values and norms, rather than through dominance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Japan and Germany were placed under Allied control, while most of Europe and Asia faced political turmoil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The British Empire's policies led to inter-communal ethnic cleansing, exacerbating tensions among different groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some civil and regional wars were intensified by superpower involvement, while others were possibly prevented or shortened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France sought to maintain its international prestige and influence, leading to a reluctant withdrawal from its empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear weapons were crucial, influencing East-West relations and contributing to the tension and the risk of confrontation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deep incompatibility between the social and economic systems of the East and West.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The success of decolonization varies depending on the perspective of the European powers, the independence movements, or the local populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tension and the risk of direct confrontation grew and receded across various phases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary focus of epistemology is how we think about the world and understanding different perspectives, especially those of the disempowered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decolonial approach emphasizes retrieving indigenous epistemologies and cosmologies, while postcolonial focuses on subaltern perspectives as sites to analyze power relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It questions what we study, specifically whose experiences and histories are included or excluded in social science discussions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A key responsibility is to recognize and address the attitudes and structures that support Western supremacy, advocating for reparations for historical injustices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonialism and imperialism provide essential insights into the hierarchical structures that shape modern relationships and power dynamics in world politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Subaltern' refers to groups that are socially, politically, and geographically outside the hegemonic power structures and whose voices are often marginalized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Modernity/coloniality' captures the idea that the modern world is fundamentally structured by colonial hierarchies that continue to influence contemporary societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous epistemologies are essential in the decolonial approach as they provide alternative ways of understanding human and non-human relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 9/11 attacks transformed US foreign policy by shifting its focus toward combating terrorism and engaging in wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bin Laden was motivated by a desire for social justice, opposition to globalization, and a belief in traditional methods of waging war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obama's administration faced challenges such as economic recovery from the Great Recession and restoring the US's international standing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trump's foreign policy diverged by rejecting mainstream positions, downplaying climate change, and avoiding efforts to reform authoritarian regimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biden aimed to re-engage with America's European allies and reinforce a commitment to a wider liberal world order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Arab Spring initially brought hope for democratic change but led to deep disappointment as many aspirations were unmet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Syrian crisis was resolved through brutal means, highlighting the high costs of the conflict and the difficulty in achieving peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phrase suggests that the current global context may be shifting away from the principles and structures established by the liberal world order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main challenge is Mr. Assad's unwillingness to negotiate with political opposing groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Personal sanctions on despots should remain; 2. Humanitarian carve-outs for essential activities; 3. Rollback of sanctions must depend on serious behavioral changes.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lifting sanctions could vindicate Assad and undermine the deterrent effect of sanctions on other regimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The earthquake provided an excuse for Arab countries to coordinate aid and break Syria's isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic coercion is increasingly used in place of military force due to reluctance for military intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assad needs the Arab world for support because Russia cannot rebuild Syria on its own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal sanctions aim to hold despots accountable while reducing their capacity to govern effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The West fears that lifting sanctions could weaken deterrence against not only Assad, but also other authoritarian regimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonialism uses physical, economic, political, psychological, social, and cultural means to exert control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of China has raised questions about the sustainability of Western success, indicating a shift in global power dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neo-colonialism maintains power through economic and political structures that create dependence on former colonial powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History is crucial for understanding a country's culture, aspirations, and worldview, particularly for marginalized groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Otherness' in Orientalism represents the depiction of non-Europeans as barbaric and irrational in contrast to Europeans, who are seen as rational and civilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types are ontological issues concerning 'being' and epistemological issues regarding knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eurocentrism is the tendency to regard Europe as the central reference point of history, often ignoring non-European cultures and histories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explanatory theories reveal patterns but struggle with complexity, contingency, and the potential for predictions to become self-fulfilling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subaltern refers to the social position of colonized individuals or groups who lack a voice in dominant cultural narratives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despite emerging threats, the U.S. retains massive military capabilities that continue to influence global dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improvements in infrastructure, mobility, and the spread of anti-colonial ideas significantly fueled organized resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonialism fundamentally negates the humanity and rights of colonized people through systemic violence and cultural erasure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 2008 economic crisis contributed to global instability and raised concerns about international cooperation and governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding power dynamics through culture and ideology reveals the subtle ways in which control and oppression are maintained beyond mere physical domination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explanatory theories focus on explaining events, while constitutive theories emphasize how such events shape international relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The threat of populism has been contained, reflecting challenges to established political norms and ideologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accumulation of power by one state can be perceived as a threat by other states, leading to heightened tensions and a potential decrease in overall international security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of the balance of power refers to the distribution of power among states to prevent any one state from becoming too dominant. It is significant as it helps maintain stability and discourage conflict in the international system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Realist approaches generally hold a pessimistic view of human nature, seeing it as driven by self-interest and fear, which influences states to act aggressively in pursuit of power and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-help is the belief that states must rely on their own efforts for security, as they cannot trust others. This leads to increased competition and a focus on power accumulation among states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of a central authority creates an anarchic environment where states prioritize their survival by competing for resources and power, often leading to conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggressive expansionist goals can disrupt the balance of power by causing neighboring states to view them as threats, prompting alliances against them or preemptive strikes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military strength is crucial for a state's survival as it serves as a deterrent against threats and a means to project power, thus influencing international relations significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anarchy shapes the international political environment by creating a landscape where states are in constant competition for power, resources, and security due to the absence of overarching authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers