International Law Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Who prepared the series of articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts?

  • The United Nations General Assembly
  • A group of Special Rapporteurs
  • The International Law Commission (ILC) (correct)
  • The International Court of Justice

When were the articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts adopted by the International Law Commission?

  • May 2001 (correct)
  • December 2000
  • May 2000
  • December 2001

What is the status of the articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts in terms of a treaty?

  • They have been rejected by the United Nations General Assembly
  • They are awaiting approval from the International Court of Justice
  • They have been ratified by a majority of states as a treaty
  • They have not been developed into a treaty but are considered to reflect customary international law (correct)

According to Article 5 of the ILC articles, which conduct is attributable to the state?

<p>Conduct of individuals and entities empowered to exercise governmental authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context is Article 5 of the ILC articles relevant?

<p>Privatization of military and police functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entities' conduct does Article 5 of the ILC articles address in terms of state responsibility?

<p>Individuals and entities empowered to exercise governmental authority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the idea that individuals possess certain rights through their own state?

<p>Enlightenment era in the 18th century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were the rights granted in the 19th century tied to individuals?

<p>Tied to citizenship or a similar nexus to the state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the modern conception of human rights from the earlier rights granted by states?

<p>Based on an understanding that certain rights are inherent in all individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major concern of international law prior to the United Nations Charter?

<p>Protection of soldiers and civilians during times of war (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which purpose has been one of the primary focuses of the United Nations since the experience of the Second World War?

<p>Protection of human rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 55 of the United Nations Charter, what is the United Nations committed to promoting?

<p>Universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal obligation does Article 56 of the UN Charter place on its members?

<p>To take joint and separate action in cooperation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the UN Commission on Human Rights replaced by the UN Human Rights Council?

<p>2006 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under whose sponsorship was the UN Commission on Human Rights created in 1946?

<p>UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 2(4) of the UN Charter prohibit?

<p>The threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the prevailing view, what is the concept of force limited to?

<p>Armed measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances does the use of force on the basis of consent from a host state not violate Article 2(4) of the UN Charter?

<p>When the force is based on consent (invitation) from a host state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council with veto powers?

<p>China, France, Russia, UK, United States (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the UN Charter stipulates that member states agree to carry out the decisions of the Security Council?

<p>Article 25 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of measures does the UN Charter give the Security Council wide-ranging powers to enforce?

<p>Coercive and non-coercive, binding and non-binding measures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measures can the Security Council take under Article 41 of the UN Charter?

<p>Non-forcible measures not involving the use of force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most comprehensive sanctions regime imposed by the Security Council?

<p>On Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of non-coercive measures under Article 41 of the UN Charter?

<p>Complete or partial interruption of economic relations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack triggers the right to self-defence according to international law?

<p>An armed attack of a certain intensity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the conditions that need to be met before resorting to self-defence?

<p>The 'armed attack' must be of a certain intensity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequences must an 'armed attack' produce to trigger the right to self-defence?

<p>Territorial invasions, human fatalities, or massive destruction of property (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what event led to the potential recognition of the right to self-defence against private actors by a state?

<p>The 9/11 attacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition did the UN Security Council's recognition of the US right to self-defence after the 9/11 attacks not depend on?

<p>Establishing state attribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept seemingly paved the way for the unable or unwilling doctrine in the context of self-defence against private actors?

<p>The 9/11 attacks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does jus in bello refer to?

<p>The law of armed conflict (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of armed conflict aim to achieve?

<p>Offer sensible and balanced solutions considering military necessity and humanitarian sentiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does international law distinguish between in relation to the use of force by a state?

<p>Jus ad bellum and jus in bello (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the jurisdiction of the international tribunals set up in Nuremberg and Tokyo after the Second World War?

<p>Crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Nuremberg Trials conclude about the responsibility for crimes against international law?

<p>Individuals who commit such crimes are responsible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the watershed moment for international criminal law according to the text?

<p>The end of the Second World War (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court conclude?

<p>17 July 1998 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the International Criminal Court come into being?

<p>The Hague (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) convened in late 1995?

<p>To take forward the creation of an International Criminal Court (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the five-week-long conference in Rome in 1998?

<p>Adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) convened in late 1995?

<p>To advance the creation of an International Criminal Court (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the International Criminal Court come into being?

<p>1 July 2002 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court come into being?

<p>1 July 2002 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) convened in late 1995?

<p>To create the International Criminal Court (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the five-week-long conference in Rome in 1998?

<p>Conclusion of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acts are defined as 'war crimes' according to the Rome Statute?

<p>Torture, wilful killing, extensive destruction of property (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances does the ICC have jurisdiction in respect of war crimes?

<p>When committed as part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of property destruction are considered 'war crimes' under the Rome Statute?

<p>Extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'crime of aggression' entail as per the most recent Rome Statute?

<p>The planning, preparation, initiation or execution of an act of aggression by a person in control of a State's political or military action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes an 'act of aggression' according to the most recent Rome Statute?

<p>The use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence of another State (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the 'crime of aggression' defined as per the Rome Statute?

<p>2010 Kampala Review Conference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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