International Law Quiz 2

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Why did the administration wait to make recommendations about what was needed for the war on terror?

They believed they couldn't foresee exactly what was needed. (correct)

They were hoping for more international support before taking action.

They were unsure about the loyalty of their allies in the war on terror.

They wanted to surprise their enemies with unexpected tactics.

What did some people accuse the Bush Administration of regarding their statements about Saddam Hussein?

Being overly cautious in their assessments

Making dishonest statements (correct)

Underestimating the threat posed by Saddam Hussein

Having insufficient intelligence on the matter

How did Kanan Makiya describe the state of Iraq under Saddam Hussein's rule?

A model for prosperity and stability in the Middle East

Largely unaffected by political unrest

Flourishing due to efficient governance

Turned into a desert from once being the Fertile Crescent (correct)

What was a common hazard faced by travelers in Iraq according to the text?

Bandits Signup and view all the answers

What was the central fact on everybody's mind during the meeting with American officials?

The need for immediate authority Signup and view all the answers

Who was considered the single most important source of intelligence on Saddam Hussein's Iraq by top Pentagon adviser Richard Perle?

Ahmad Chalabi Signup and view all the answers

What was Chalabi's educational background mentioned in the text?

Ph.D. in mathematics Signup and view all the answers

What did Chalabi believe would happen if the U.S. did not help the Iraqi people get rid of Saddam Hussein?

His son would come to power Signup and view all the answers

According to Chalabi, what led to half of the people believing that the war wasn't justified?

False intelligence reports Signup and view all the answers

What event made it politically feasible to go to war to remove Saddam Hussein according to the text?

September 11, 2001 Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Future of Iraq project?

To plan for practical issues in post-Saddam Iraq Signup and view all the answers

Why did Kanan Makiya initially decline an invitation to participate in the Future of Iraq Project?

He felt there were better qualified individuals inside Iraq Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ahmad Chalabi's influential connection in the first Bush White House?

Richard Haass Signup and view all the answers

What did Richard Haass tell Ahmad Chalabi during their meeting in the White House?

"We will support democracy in Iraq if you endorse a democratic government." Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the special intelligence office set up inside the Pentagon?

To analyze Iraq's possible connection with al Qaeda Signup and view all the answers

What was Laith Kubba's role in the Future of Iraq Project?

He participated in three working groups in the project Signup and view all the answers

Why was the special intelligence office considered mysterious by Greg Thielmann?

Because they didn't actively participate in the normal intelligence assessment processes Signup and view all the answers

What did Kanan Makiya believe was essential for the future of Iraq?

Democracy after Saddam Hussein Signup and view all the answers

What did Greg Thielmann criticize about the Central Intelligence Agency's approach?

Their tendency to filter out possibilities inconsistent with their model Signup and view all the answers

Why were some Iraqi exiles, including Ahmad Chalabi, skeptical about the Future of Iraq Project?

They doubted the usefulness of seminars and working groups Signup and view all the answers

What report caught the attention of the special intelligence office and was passed on to the White House?

Iraqi intelligence officer's meeting with a 9/11 hijacker in Prague Signup and view all the answers

'The future of Iraq is in the hands of Iraqis alone today' signifies which individual's viewpoint?

"Kanan Makiya" Signup and view all the answers

Why did the FBI disprove the alleged meeting between Mohammed Atta and the Iraqi intelligence officer in Prague?

By tracing Atta's car rental records to Florida during that time period Signup and view all the answers

'Nobody had a clue what the challenges are ahead' implies what about post-Saddam Iraq?

'Post-Saddam Iraq lacked clear direction and understanding of its challenges' Signup and view all the answers

'Most Iraqi exiles were enthusiastic about the Future of Iraq Project' except for whom?

'Ahmad Chalabi' Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant issue highlighted by the level of influence from the special intelligence office?

The extensive manipulation of intelligence sources for policy purposes Signup and view all the answers

Why was it considered unusual that the special intelligence office's work entered the policy community at a high level?

Because their work bypassed standard intelligence production channels Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between how the Pentagon and State Department approached Iraq?

The Pentagon built a case for war while the State Department planned for the aftermath. Signup and view all the answers

What did Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz direct Douglas Feith to do?

Set up a special office to analyze links between al Qaeda and Iran Signup and view all the answers

Why did Greg Thielmann find it challenging to understand the purpose of the special intelligence office?

Because of their secretive and non-standard approach to analyzing intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What did Thielmann emphasize about looking for hidden treasure while walking down the street?

If one is not actively searching, they will miss finding hidden treasure Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the breakdown in the relationship between the INC and the U.S. in the mid-'90s?

Misrepresentation of the strength of the INC by Chalabi Signup and view all the answers

Why did the White House order the CIA to abandon their operation with the INC?

Fear of one-way street for military intervention Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Iraqi Liberation Act?

Officially make regime change in Iraq U.S. government policy Signup and view all the answers

How did Chalabi use the funds provided by the Iraqi Liberation Act?

To attract and pay defectors Signup and view all the answers

What was a major concern regarding Iraq's nuclear program, according to Dr. Hamid al Bahali?

Absence of technical expertise to assemble a weapon Signup and view all the answers

What was believed to be present at Tuweitha, according to Dr. Hamid al Bahali?

'Uranium-enriching facilities and centrifuges' Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the CIA/Pentagon team's search in Iraq regarding weapons of mass destruction?

'No evidence of weapons of mass destruction' Signup and view all the answers

What led to concerns about radioactive contamination near Tuweitha?

Looting at the nuclear plant Signup and view all the answers

What did Dr. Bahali believe was lacking in Iraq's nuclear program despite its resources?

Technical expertise Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Clinton administration refuse support for Chalabi's Iraqi uprising in the mid-'90s?

Fear of a one-way street for U.S. military intervention Signup and view all the answers

What made it difficult for weapons inspectors to determine Iraq's possession of biological or nuclear weapons?

Absence of clear evidence despite suspicions Signup and view all the answers

How did many news organizations use Chalabi's defectors?

As sources for investigative journalism pieces Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason given in the text for not sharing certain evidence with the United States?

The evidence was not verifiable Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion drawn about the intelligence provided to the administration?

It was manipulated and distorted Signup and view all the answers

What statement did President Bush make in Cincinnati about the evidence of Saddam Hussein's nuclear program?

There is concrete proof of a nuclear weapon program Signup and view all the answers

How did the Pentagon's special intelligence office fall short regarding Saddam's links to al Qaeda?

They struggled to prove current and active links Signup and view all the answers

What crucial information was missing from the speeches and TV appearances regarding Iraq's weapons of mass destruction?

Contradictory evidence from intelligence agencies Signup and view all the answers

What did President Bush emphasize as a key reason for not waiting for final proof before acting?

'Waiting for final proof is a luxury we can't afford' Signup and view all the answers

What did the Defense Intelligence Agency report in late September 2002 state regarding Iraq's chemical weapons production?

'No reliable information on production or stockpiling' Signup and view all the answers

'Faith-based intelligence' refers to what practice according to the text?

'Cherry-picking and distorting data to fit an interpretation' Signup and view all the answers

'The smoking gun' in President Bush's speech referred to what potential scenario?

'A conclusive piece of evidence leading to action' Signup and view all the answers

'Cherry-picking' information implies what kind of selective behavior according to the text?

'Selective choice of data that fits a narrative' Signup and view all the answers

'Caveats and contrary evidence' were notably absent from what type of communication?

'Public speeches and television appearances' Signup and view all the answers

'Links between al Qaeda and Saddam Hussein' were claimed to have been demonstrated based on what type of evidence?

'Strong leads and evidence provided to US hands' Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the major Iraqi opposition conference in London in December 2002?

To plan how Iraq would be ruled after the war. Signup and view all the answers

What did Kanan Makiya propose in his blueprint for democracy at the Iraqi opposition conference?

A completely new democratic state for Iraq. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the State Department distance itself from Kanan Makiya's proposal?

It challenged the State Department's opposition to a provisional government. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key differences between Kanan Makiya's approach and that of the State Department regarding post-war Iraq?

Makiya wanted to establish a provisional government composed of exiles, while the State Department preferred Iraqi input. Signup and view all the answers

Why did many Iraqis and even Kanan Makiya oppose the idea of a provisional government composed of exiles?

They thought it would exclude the voices of Iraqis inside the country in governance decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the State Department's objection to Makiya's proposal of immediate debaathification of Iraq?

The proposal threatened to create a power vacuum without suitable replacements. Signup and view all the answers

What was Kanan Makiya's view on the formation of a provisional government after Saddam Hussein's fall?

He believed that the Iraqi people, especially those inside the country, should have a say in any provisional government. Signup and view all the answers

What did Kanan Makiya consider to be the core goal behind his involvement in advocating for democracy in Iraq?

'Democracy in Iraq,' envisioning a new democratic state for the region. Signup and view all the answers

'Reducing Iraq to the opposition, reducing the opposition to the INC, and having all post-Iraq planning start from that group' refers to:

'Iraqi exiles' attempt to monopolize power and influence in post-Saddam Iraq.' Signup and view all the answers

What was the narrator's initial perception of the Ba'ath party?

A modernizing force Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the post-war looting according to the narrator?

Destruction of essential infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Why were nearly all the buildings needed to run post-war Iraq found demolished by General Jay Garner and his team?

Due to intentional destruction during looting Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the challenges faced by weary residents in post-war Iraq as mentioned in the text?

Long waiting times for gasoline Signup and view all the answers

How did General Jay Garner respond to the question about planning for looting?

He expected some looting but not on a serious scale Signup and view all the answers

What was General Jay Garner's opinion about the military's presence in Baghdad post-war?

Additional troops were required for better control Signup and view all the answers

How did the GIs deal with Iraqis caught looting wood?

"Took their car and crushed it" Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of a car owner whose car was crushed by GIs?

"I am a taxi driver. The car was my livelihood." Signup and view all the answers

What request did weary residents make to the U.S. in post-war Iraq?

"Take control or go home" Signup and view all the answers

"We want a government and we want it now." Who expressed this sentiment?