International Law and Compliance Quizzes

A state's legislative body creates domestic legal rules while an international legislative body creates international legal rules.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attribution to an International Subject, Conduct resulting in breach, and special legislation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attribution of the wrongful act to an international subject and a conduct that constitutes a breach of the obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erga Specificum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restitution, Compensation, and Satisfaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk management in cases of scientific uncertainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EU law is executed through national administrations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consequences of globalized interdependence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement from case law development to codification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental protection and trade in products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state must be bound by the obligation at the moment of the breach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obligations towards the international community as a whole. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guarantee of remaining undetected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperate to end the breach without recognition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are initiated by the injured state or other states on behalf of erga omnes obligations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European Parliament (A), European Commission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commercial interests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any written or electronic piece of information held by an institution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection of commercial interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If there is an overriding public interest in disclosure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provisions that can be directly applied by a domestic legal system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of central authority and a sovereign legislative body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To settle legal disputes submitted by states in accordance with international law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes active participation in negotiations by a third party (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It combines elements of mediation and inquiry but yields non-binding proposals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arbitration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consent is required for a state to be bound by an international agreement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ICJ's jurisdiction is based on the consent of the states involved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be exercised only by the designated individual. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engagement of all public members. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It informs affected parties about the decision's substance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consideration of individual interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right to good administration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respect for fundamental rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is necessary for fair and accountable administration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The careful establishment and review of relevant elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administrative authorities are always bound by law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legitimate Expectations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Government actions must be appropriate and not impose excessive burdens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under reasonable circumstances only. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laws must be non-retroactive unless public interest demands otherwise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Art 263(2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes caution when there is a potential risk to public health or the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A limited review focusing on areas with wide legislative discretion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Treaties must be kept in good faith.

Unitary legal system with international law above domestic law.

International and domestic law are separate systems.

International treaty provisions directly applicable in domestic law.

A state's liability for violating international law.

Assigning state responsibility for an act.

Peremptory norms of international law.

Obligations towards the international community.

Direct discussion between parties.

Third party facilitating communication.

Third party actively involved in negotiations.

Using an arbitral tribunal to settle disputes.

Primary judicial organ of the UN.

ICJ's authority over states.

ICJ's jurisdiction based on agreement.

ICJ's authority over specific issues.

Challenges to the ICJ's jurisdiction.

Temporary measures by the ICJ to preserve rights.

Third party involvement in ICJ proceedings.

Additional claims against the opposing party in a case.

All actions of an administration must adhere to the law.

Predictable laws that apply consistently.

Protection of reliance on consistent government actions.

Governmental actions suitable to the issue.

International law governs relationships between states, while national law applies within individual countries. International law needs to be incorporated into national law to impact individuals.

States participate in international law based on their agreement. No central authority forces them.

States create international law through agreements, treaties, and conventions.

There's no single government enforcing international law. States are responsible for compliance.

Methods like negotiation, mediation, and arbitration aim to resolve disputes between states peacefully.

Besides the ICJ, specialized bodies like WTO and UNCLOS handle disputes in their respective areas, like trade or maritime law.

Public administration serves the public interest, meaning it aims to benefit the whole society and its citizens.

Legislators empower public administration bodies by granting them authority to implement laws and policies.

Public administration carries out its policies through 'juridical acts' (laws, regulations) and 'factual acts' (concrete actions like building roads).

Global administration law addresses issues arising from interdependence between nations, like environmental protection or trade.

EU law can be implemented directly by EU institutions or indirectly through national administrations, creating multiple layers of decision-making.

There are three types of international obligations: Erga singulum, Erga omnes partes, and Erga omnes. Erga singulum obligations are reciprocal obligations between two states. Erga omnes partes obligations are obligations in relation to a group of states. Erga omnes obligations are obligations towards the international community.

The objective element of a breach of international law refers to the actual violation of an international obligation. To establish a breach, the state must have been bound by the obligation at the time of the breach. There is no minimum level of gravity required, but the consequences of the breach can vary. A breach can occur through an action, a failure to prevent something, or by endorsing a breach.

A breach of international law creates a new juridical (legal) relationship between the states involved. The original juridical relationship still exists, but the breach creates new obligations for the responsible state. These obligations usually include ceasing the act, guaranteeing that it won't happen again, and making reparations (restitution, compensation, or satisfaction).

Serious breaches of Jus Cogens norms (fundamental principles of international law) trigger specific obligations for all states. These breaches require non-recognition by all states, non-assistance to the violating state, and cooperation to end the breach through lawful measures.

Enforcement measures aim to pressure states to comply with their international obligations. Countermeasures are decentralized actions taken by injured states or other states in response to an Erga omnes obligation. Institutionalized sanctions are enforced through international organizations and are only applicable to their members.

The freedom for decision-makers to choose among different options when applying general rules, within specific limits.

Rules governing the decision-making process of an administration, ensuring fairness and protection of individuals' rights.

A core legal principle ensuring impartial, careful, timely, and transparent decision-making by administrations.

The obligation of administrations to thoroughly investigate cases and consider all relevant facts and laws before making decisions.

The requirement for administrations to clearly explain their decisions, allowing affected individuals to understand and challenge them.

Openness and accessibility of information, crucial for both good administration and informed public participation.

Legal acts within the EU must be clearly justified and refer to relevant proposals, initiatives, or opinions.

Discretionary power allows administrations to tailor their actions to specific situations and effectively implement policies.

Individuals can request documents held by EU institutions, allowing transparency and accountability.

The European Parliament, Commission, and Council of Ministers are subject to the right of access.

Any written or electronic file held by EU institutions, including memos, emails, and reports.

Anyone can request documents, including individuals, businesses, and organizations.

EU institutions can refuse access to protect public security, privacy, commercial interests, or ongoing legal matters.

Administrative authorities are granted powers by law to pursue public interests. These powers have limits set by law.

Administrative actions must be based on and comply with existing legal rules. It ensures that the administration acts within its legal boundaries.

Laws are clear, precise, predictable, and generally apply prospectively (to future events).

Laws generally apply to events that occur after they are enacted, unless there's a public interest reason to apply them retroactively.

Individuals can rely on consistent administrative actions, and their interests are protected if those actions change.

Government actions must be appropriate to their objectives and not impose disproportionate burdens relative to their aims, ensuring fairness.

A level of judicial review where courts check for major errors in government decisions in areas where the government has wide discretion.

A level of judicial review where courts thoroughly examine the legality of government decisions in areas where there is less government discretion.