International Distribution and Retailing

<p>They facilitate buying and selling negotiations among all parties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distribution systems tend to be local rather than national. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasis on loyalty and long-term relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restricts the opening of stores larger than 500 square meters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a high density of middlemen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are among the highest in the world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They receive cumulative rebates for loyalty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent the principal rather than themselves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A total system’s approach to managing the distribution process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Financing middlemen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judging proposals by MITI. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elimination of transportation barriers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They take title to the goods and sell on their own account. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To find the optimum (lowest) system cost with respect to customer service. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dividing large quantities into smaller, more manageable amounts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process through which goods move from producers to end consumers, involving handling, ownership transfers, and negotiations between producers, middlemen, and customers.

A specific arrangement of producers, wholesalers, retailers, and other intermediaries involved in distributing products within a particular country.

A distribution structure where importers control limited goods, selling them at high prices to a small affluent customer base. Demand exceeds supply, and distribution is largely local.

A distribution structure characterized by many small middlemen dealing with numerous small retailers. Manufacturers have significant channel control due to vertical integration, and the system reflects a unique cultural philosophy.

A law designed to protect small, independent retailers by limiting the growth and expansion of larger retail stores. It restricts the opening of large stores exceeding 500 square meters, late-night operations, and changes in operating days. This law aims to preserve the traditional Japanese retail landscape and ensure the survival of independent businesses.

The Japanese distribution channel often involves multiple intermediaries (middlemen) between the manufacturer and the consumer. This can include wholesalers, distributors, and retailers. The presence of numerous middlemen contributes to a high density of small independent shops and may impact the final price for consumers.

Japanese business practices emphasize close relationships, loyalty, and long-term partnerships between suppliers and dealers. This focus on harmony and mutual support often extends beyond financial transactions to encompass shared values and cultural ties.

Japanese distribution channels often involve strategies like inventory financing (delayed payments), cumulative rebates (rewards for loyalty and volume), merchandise returns (flexible policies), and promotional support (assistance for marketing). These methods are used to maintain strong relationships and control within the channel.

The Japanese distribution system often results in higher consumer goods prices compared to other countries. This can be attributed to factors like the high density of middlemen, the long-term relationship emphasis, and the protective laws in place. These factors contribute to a more complex and localized supply chain.

A type of middleman who represents the principal (seller) and acts on their behalf, not their own.

A type of middleman who takes title to the goods, meaning they buy and sell on their own account, not the seller's.

The process of locating, selecting, motivating, terminating, and controlling middlemen to effectively distribute products to the target market.

The systematic approach to managing the physical movement of raw materials, in-process inventory, and finished goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption.

The concept of minimizing costs and maximizing efficiency in the physical distribution system, while meeting customer service objectives.

The strategy of finding the most cost-effective and efficient way to distribute products, considering factors like transportation, warehousing, and inventory management.

The removal of transportation barriers between member countries, allowing for smoother movement of goods and services within the economic area.

The systematic examination of logistics costs and the calculation of total physical distribution costs to identify potential savings and optimize efficiency.