8 Questions
Which chain of the IL-2 receptor is responsible for binding IL-2 with high affinity?
α chain (CD25)
What is the primary pathway activated by the IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 complex?
JAK/STAT pathway
Which cells express the ST2 receptor?
Th2 cells, mast cells, and basophils
What is the primary function of IL-11?
To promote the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells
Which cells produce IL-11?
Bone marrow stromal cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells
What is the role of IL-34 in the immune response?
To regulate inflammation and immune response
Which stimuli can induce the expression of IL-34?
LPS and TNF-α
What is the role of the γ chain (CD132) in the IL-2 receptor complex?
To be shared with other cytokine receptors and be essential for signaling
Study Notes
Interleukins
IL-2 Receptor
- The IL-2 receptor is a heterotrimeric complex consisting of α, β, and γ chains
- The α chain (CD25) is responsible for binding IL-2 with high affinity
- The β chain (CD122) is involved in signal transduction
- The γ chain (CD132) is shared with other cytokine receptors and is essential for signaling
- The IL-2 receptor is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells
IL-6 Signal Transduction
- IL-6 binds to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and induces the formation of a complex with gp130
- The IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 complex activates the JAK/STAT pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of STAT3
- Phosphorylated STAT3 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates gene expression
- IL-6 also activates the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, which regulate cell proliferation and survival
IL-33-ST2 Pathway
- IL-33 is a cytokine that binds to the ST2 receptor, which is a member of the Toll-like receptor family
- The IL-33-ST2 complex activates the MyD88-dependent pathway, leading to the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs
- The IL-33-ST2 pathway is involved in the regulation of inflammation, immune response, and tissue repair
- IL-33 is expressed in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells, while ST2 is expressed on Th2 cells, mast cells, and basophils
IL-11 Function
- IL-11 is a cytokine that promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells
- IL-11 is involved in the regulation of inflammation, immune response, and tissue repair
- IL-11 is produced by bone marrow stromal cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells
- IL-11 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and bone disorders
IL-34 Expression
- IL-34 is a cytokine that is produced by various cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells
- IL-34 is involved in the regulation of immune response and inflammation
- IL-34 is expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS and TNF-α
- IL-34 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer
Interleukins
IL-2 Receptor
- Composed of α, β, and γ chains, with α chain (CD25) binding IL-2 with high affinity
- β chain (CD122) involved in signal transduction, γ chain (CD132) shared with other cytokine receptors and essential for signaling
- Expressed on activated T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells
IL-6 Signal Transduction
- IL-6 binds to IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), inducing complex formation with gp130
- Activates JAK/STAT pathway, phosphorylating STAT3, which dimerizes and translocates to nucleus to regulate gene expression
- Also activates MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, regulating cell proliferation and survival
IL-33-ST2 Pathway
- IL-33 binds to ST2 receptor, a Toll-like receptor family member
- Activates MyD88-dependent pathway, leading to NF-κB and MAPK activation
- Regulates inflammation, immune response, and tissue repair
- IL-33 expressed in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells, while ST2 expressed on Th2 cells, mast cells, and basophils
IL-11 Function
- Promotes proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells
- Regulates inflammation, immune response, and tissue repair
- Produced by bone marrow stromal cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells
- Implicated in cancer, inflammatory disorders, and bone disorders
IL-34 Expression
- Produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells
- Regulates immune response and inflammation
- Expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS and TNF-α
- Implicated in autoimmune disorders and cancer
This quiz covers the structure and function of interleukin receptors, including IL-2 and IL-6, and their role in signal transduction and immune cell activation.
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