Intercultural Communication Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is required if someone wishes to use materials from the website for conference purposes?

  • Permission is granted automatically
  • General permission is sufficient
  • No permission is needed
  • Separate permission is required (correct)

Which of the following roles is associated with the production of the material?

  • Production editor (correct)
  • Indexer
  • Marketing manager
  • Editor-in-Chief

What is the significance of the FSC papers and boards used by SAGE?

  • They support sustainable practices (correct)
  • They ensure high-quality images
  • They are the cheapest available option
  • They are exclusively sourced from the UK

Where is the material printed and bound when done overseas?

<p>Chennai, India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about cultural traditions?

<p>They are passed on from generation to generation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for overseeing the indexing of the material?

<p>Cathryn Pritchard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ISBN pertains to the paperback version of the material?

<p>978-1-4462-8591-6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does culture contribute to social interaction?

<p>It binds people through a sense of shared identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SAGE undertake on an annual basis regarding their sustainability practices?

<p>An annual audit to monitor sustainability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does communication play in cultural traditions?

<p>It is essential for the development and maintenance of traditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Egmont grading system measure?

<p>Sustainability of papers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical breakthrough had a significant impact on the domain of communication?

<p>The development of the internet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be learned to effectively engage in intercultural communication?

<p>The nuances of effective and efficient communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist is associated with the roots of intercultural communication?

<p>Georg Simmel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reflects our identities in today's interconnected world?

<p>A blend of personal and broader cultural factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes early forms of information sharing among ancestors?

<p>Largely face-to-face communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily hindered the success of development programs initiated by American workers in Thailand?

<p>Failure to understand local cultural dynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the US diplomats often approach their assignments abroad?

<p>By mainly socializing within their own cultural groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Buddhist monasteries play regarding the water well project in Thailand?

<p>They could ensure proper maintenance when involved. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a prominent characteristic of the development efforts by American workers post-WWII?

<p>They lacked integration with cultural institutions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What training did the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) provide to American diplomats?

<p>Language and anthropological concepts of their assigned countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the poorly designed water well program in Thailand?

<p>It increased local distrust towards the US. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key lesson learned from the cultural issues faced in the American development efforts?

<p>Cultural understanding must accompany economic and technical dimensions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What category of issues were highlighted as overlooked by American development workers?

<p>Cultural and social dynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation for participants to request a new approach in Hall's language programme?

<p>To communicate effectively across different cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was a key figure in broadening the field of intercultural communication?

<p>William B. Gudykunst (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Gudykunst and Kim, what does the concept of 'the stranger' imply in intercultural communication?

<p>Strangers are unfamiliar and create uncertainty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in the definition of culture within intercultural communication over time?

<p>It shifted from involving only national cultures to including multiple forms of culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the new edition of Introducing Intercultural Communication emphasize?

<p>Global perspectives and practical applications of knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Gudykunst apply in his 1983 article to discuss intercultural communication?

<p>Simmel’s concept of the stranger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is NOT typically included in the broader definition of 'culture' in intercultural communication?

<p>Educational background (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a central focus of the investigation in intercultural communication studies regarding individuals?

<p>Reducing uncertainty through communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Swedes aged 15–20 visit Lunarstorm weekly?

<p>85% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do online and offline interactions relate to the development of romantic relationships according to Whitty, Baker, and Inman?

<p>Online interactions supplement the development of relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor leading to the establishment of a love relationship initiated on the web?

<p>Stable economic condition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of advanced communication technologies on cultural diversity according to the text?

<p>They contribute to a more culturally diverse community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of internet-based communication over traditional forms like telephone and post?

<p>It is independent of message length and distance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern is raised regarding reliance on technology-mediated communication?

<p>It may lead to a weakening of interpersonal communication skills. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does online communication play in long-distance romantic relationships?

<p>It is inexpensive and convenient for support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how has society changed in terms of mobility?

<p>Society is more mobile, increasing contact opportunities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage increase of foreign workers in Saudi Arabia between 1975 and 2000?

<p>38 per cent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 2004, what percentage of the overall population in Saudi Arabia was made up by foreign workers?

<p>37 per cent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often implied when using the term 'Malaysian' in reference to the workforce?

<p>It encompasses individuals from various ethnic backgrounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic change in Saudi Arabia led to an increased demand for skilled labor?

<p>Oil discovery and industrialization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one result of increased ethnic competition due to migrant workers?

<p>Perception of competition by the native population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What demographic is specifically mentioned as having arrived in Europe to aid in post-war reconstruction?

<p>North Africans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a workplace that is deemed intercultural?

<p>Diverse cultural backgrounds working together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle was observed with the opening of national borders within the European Union?

<p>Enhanced social rights but limited political rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Book Editor

The person who oversees the creation and editing of a book.

Assistant Editor

A person who helps the main editor with tasks related to the book.

Production Editor

The person responsible for the overall production process of a book.

Indexer

A person who creates an index for a book.

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Marketing Manager

The person who promotes the book and related products.

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Cover Design

The visual design of the book's cover.

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ISBN

International Standard Book Number; a unique book identification number.

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Copyright

The legal right granted to the creator of a book.

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Culture

A group of people's shared values, beliefs, traditions, and ways of life, forming a sense of identity.

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Cultural Traditions

Practices and customs passed down through generations, reflecting a culture's history and values.

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Communication

The process of sharing ideas, information, and feelings.

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Intercultural Communication

Communication between people of different cultures.

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Chicago School

A group of scholars who pioneered research on intercultural communication.

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Georg Simmel

A German sociologist whose theories are linked to intercultural communication studies.

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Interconnectedness

The state of being closely related or interdependent.

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Increased Diverse Society

A society with a growing number of people from different cultural backgrounds.

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Post-WWII development programs

International aid programs, initiated by the US and UN after World War II, aimed at assisting developing nations.

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Cultural misunderstanding

Failure to recognize and appreciate the diverse aspects of culture when implementing development programs.

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Thai well-drilling project

A development project in Thailand where hand-pump wells were built, but failed due to a lack of local maintenance.

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Monasteries in Thai culture

Buddhist monasteries played a vital role in Thai society and culture, often responsible for community upkeep.

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Diplomatic cultural frustration

US diplomats often faced difficulties due to poor training and limited understanding of local cultures.

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FSI training

Foreign Service Institute (FSI) training program aimed at improving cultural awareness and language skills for US diplomats and technical assistance workers.

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Edward T. Hall

A leading anthropologist who helped teach cultural awareness to US diplomats.

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Intercultural Communication Origin

Began with a need to understand how people from different cultures interact and understand cultural differences beyond national identity, as requested by participants of a language program.

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Culture's scope

The meaning of "culture" in intercultural communication expanded from national cultures to encompass any type of culture or subculture after the initial definition focusing on national cultures.

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Gudykunst's Contribution

Professor Gudykunst broadened the intercultural communication field by applying Simmel's stranger concept, highlighting uncertainty in intercultural interactions, applying this to a broader range of cultures.

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Simmel's Stranger

The stranger is considered unfamiliar and creates uncertainty in a communication system.

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Reducing Uncertainty

A key area in intercultural communication research focusing on how individuals lessen uncertainty in interactions stemming from varied cultural backgrounds.

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Gudykunst & Kim (Communication with Strangers)

This book expanded the concept of intercultural communication by focusing on interaction with a stranger.

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Types of Cultures

Cultures in intercultural communication include national, organizational, and cultural groups like the deaf community.

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Online Meeting Places

Websites or platforms used for social interaction and communication, particularly popular among younger demographics.

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Lunarstorm

A popular Swedish online community website, frequented by a majority of Swedish youth.

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Online Relationship Development

The process of forming and developing romantic relationships through online interactions and communication.

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Facebook's Role in Relationships

Social media platforms like Facebook play a significant role in relationship escalation by facilitating communication and interaction.

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Cost-Effectiveness of Online Communication

Online communication methods like email and messaging are inexpensive and independent of distance, making them ideal for long-distance relationships.

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Cultural Diversity in Online Communication

The internet connects individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, fostering a more diverse and globalized communication experience.

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Online Communication's Impact on Relationships

Online communication influences the structure and development of relationships, both friendships and romantic ones.

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Impact on Interpersonal Skills

Excessive reliance on technology-mediated communication may potentially weaken traditional interpersonal communication skills.

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Foreign Worker Increase

The significant rise in the number of foreign workers in a country, often driven by economic factors like job opportunities and a need for specific skills.

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Economic Transformation

Major shifts in a country's economy, like the discovery of oil reserves or industrialization, leading to changes in the workforce and demand for specific skills.

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Intercultural Workplace

A workplace where individuals from different cultural backgrounds collaborate and work together.

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Ethnic Competition

The perceived rivalry between different ethnic groups for limited resources, jobs, and opportunities.

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Migrant Worker Flow

The movement of workers from areas with limited economic opportunities to regions with better job prospects.

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Social Rights for Migrants

The granting of certain social benefits and protections to migrants, typically without full political rights.

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Native Population Perception

The view held by the native population of a country regarding the influx of migrants and its potential impact on them.

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North African Presence in Europe

The significant presence of North African migrants in European countries, originating from their arrival in the 1940s to aid in postwar rebuilding.

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Study Notes

Intercultural Communication Overview

  • Culture defines a group, uniting them through shared identity, expressing societal structure and views.
  • Culture evolves and is passed down through generations, fundamentally reliant on human communication.
  • Communication, derived from the Latin "to make common," involves sharing thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.
  • Culture and communication are inseparable.
  • Historical communication advancements (print, phone, broadcast, TV, internet) expanded the reach of communication beyond geographical boundaries.

Historical Development of Intercultural Communication

  • Intercultural communication roots trace back to the Chicago School and the theories of German sociologist Georg Simmel.
  • The field emerged significantly post-World War II due to US global power and the United Nations.
  • Early development programs often failed to consider cultural nuances, as highlighted by the example of hand-pump well drilling in Thailand.
  • Cultural factors affecting project success emphasized the importance of cultural insight.
  • U.S. diplomats' need for cultural awareness led to training programs at the Foreign Service Institute (FSI), with Edward T. Hall pioneering intercultural communication.
  • Early focus primarily on national cultures; The meaning of 'culture' in intercultural communication now encompasses various types (ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, gender, lifestyle).

The Role of Technology and Globalization

  • Online communities, like Lunarstorm, reflect global interaction and relationship formation impacting personal identity.
  • The internet facilitates long-distance relationships, creating opportunities for diverse intercultural contact.
  • Modern transport and communication increase cultural diversity and encounter with different people.
  • Mobile society and foreign worker populations highlight the growing intercultural workforce.
  • Economic transformation leads to increases in migrant workers, and can create social and ethnic competition.

Critical Considerations

  • Online communication's impact on interpersonal relationships (e.g., friendships) and the potential for weakening interpersonal skills with increased reliance on technology.
  • The increase in mobile populations and global interaction necessitates skilled intercultural communication.

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