Intelligence Concept by Binet

Types of Intelligence

• There are two types of intelligence: fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc)
• Fluid intelligence is innate and acquired through environmental interactions
• Crystallized intelligence is acquired through cultural influences

Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities

• Louis Thurstone identified seven primary mental abilities that comprise intelligence:
  • Verbal comprehension
  • Verbal fluency
  • Number facility
  • Spatial visualization
  • Perceptual speed
  • Memory
  • Inductive reasoning

Multiple Intelligences (Gardner)

• Howard Gardner proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences
• Initially seven multiple intelligences were identified:
  • Linguistic
  • Logical-mathematical
  • Spatial
  • Musical
  • Bodily-kinesthetic
  • Interpersonal
  • Intrapersonal
• Naturalist intelligence was later added

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)

• The triarchic theory proposes three aspects of intelligence:
  • Analytical intelligence (componential intelligence): analyzing and evaluating problems
  • Creative intelligence: generating novel and interesting ideas
  • Practical intelligence: adapting to daily life and the environment

Cognitive Information Processing Theory (Atkinson and Shiffrin)

• Information processing theory uses computers as a metaphor for human cognitive processes

Concept of Intelligence (Binet)

• Alfred Binet defined intelligence as "the components of intelligence are reasoning, judgment, memory, and the power of abstraction"
• Binet measured intelligence as "general mental ability of individuals in intelligent behaviors"
• Binet and Simon developed the Binet-Simon Scale, the first recognized IQ test

Spearman's Theory of General Intelligence

• Charles Spearman's two-factor theory proposes that general intelligence or "g" is correlated with specific abilities or "s"
• General intelligence is a common ability that influences various tasks and abilities