Intelligence and Development in Children
92 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true regarding the relative proportion of muscle and fatty tissue?

  • It is about the same for girls and boys until age 11 (correct)
  • Muscle increases for boys and fatty tissue increases for girls during middle childhood
  • Both increase dramatically for both genders during adolescence
  • It remains very stable from early childhood through adolescence

    • A key component of the information processing view of cognitive development includes:

  • Random retrieval processes
  • Selective attention processes (correct)
  • A limit on how much information can be stored in long term memory
  • Expansive attention

    • Food colorings and preservatives are responsible for the epidemic of ADHD.

    False

    The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure mathematical reasoning primarily.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory process lasts for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal?

    <p>Short term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A concrete operational child would be able to do all of the following except:

    <p>Entertain abstract ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kohlberg researched moral development by using which of the following?

    <p>The Heinz development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following abilities make up Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, except:

    <p>Abstract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cognitive development, decentration means:

    <p>The ability to focus simultaneously on multiple aspects of a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most children with mental retardation are profoundly so.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Florence was told that her son's IQ falls in the 'average' range. What percentage of people had an IQ in the average range?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about learning disabilities?

    <p>They afflict children with normal IQs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true concerning sex differences in motor activities during middle childhood?

    <p>Girls show greater limb coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One reason for increased coordination and agility during the middle childhood years is that there is increased myelination in the pathways between the cortex and the:

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A more effective method than rote rehearsal is to purposefully relate new material to well-known information, making it meaningful. This method uses what kind of strategy?

    <p>Elaborative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children in the autonomous morality stage think that punishments should be based on the amount of damage caused.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Creative thinking tends to be convergent rather than divergent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provides evidence for the role of environment in overweight?

    <p>Overweight parents who keep unhealthy foods in the home are more likely to have overweight children than those who do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, at what age will most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?

    <p>By age 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following illustrates seriation?

    <p>The ability to place sticks in order according to size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intelligence is considered one's understanding ability whereas achievement is one's performance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paolo's teacher told his parents that he is a gifted child. What does this likely mean?

    <p>He is superior in two or more areas of achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Catching a ball requires the use of fine motor skills.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reaction time improves during middle childhood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Spearman, Brenda's broad reasoning skills represent what?

    <p>Broad reasoning skills reflect 'G'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both Piaget and Kohlberg believed that children's moral reasoning undergoes the same cognitive developmental pattern. What do they agree on?

    <p>Reflects the values of the social and cultural setting in which the child is reared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory, how do children progress through stages of moral development?

    <p>Not all children (or adults) reach the highest stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carl has survived on the street because he has been able to adapt to the demands of street life. Carl is probably:

    <p>Practical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Piaget believed that what was important for moral development?

    <p>Being able to take the perspective of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children in the concrete operational period of development can focus on more than one dimension of a problem at a time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The relationship between creativity and IQ scores is moderate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain translates visual information into auditory information?

    <p>The angular gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heredity plays a role in overweight children.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average 7 to 10-year-old requires how many calories per day?

    <p>2,400</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of mainstreaming?

    <p>To help non-need students become acquainted with those who have special needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over the past few decades, food portions in restaurants have:

    <p>Become larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jimmy looks at his homework and decides he should do his math first because it takes him the longest. Jimmy is:

    <p>Using metacognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three types of intelligence identified in Sternberg's triarchic theory are: analytical, creative, practical.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reciting the alphabet until it is memorized is an example of:

    <p>Rote learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hopping, skipping and jumping are examples of fine motor skills.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By age 6, children's vocabulary consists of about how many words?

    <p>10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about dyslexia?

    <p>It appears to have a genetic component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A concrete operational child would be able to do all of the following except:

    <p>Entertain abstract ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Growth during middle childhood is quite abrupt and unpredictable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Food offered to children in schools tends to be:

    <p>Heavy on sugar, salt, and animal fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Studies involving adopted children have found that their IQ scores are more closely related:

    <p>To their biological parents than to their adoptive parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Being able to focus on relevant information in a task is an example of selective attention.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Boys have more coordination and agility than girls during middle childhood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concrete operational child:

    <p>Can take another's perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children in the stage of moral realism take which factor into account when deciding who has been most naughty?

    <p>The amount of damage done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true of 'culture-free' intelligence tests?

    <p>They have not lived up to their promise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Wechsler scales have subtests which measure verbal tasks and what?

    <p>Performance tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure mathematical reasoning primarily.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about Down's Syndrome?

    <p>It is caused by chromosomal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of school-aged children is diagnosed with ADHD?

    <p>Around 3 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately 3-5 percent of children in the United States are overweight.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heredity plays a role in overweight children.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural familial retardation does not involve biological causes of retardation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Believing in the ultimate reality of rules is an example of moral realism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, it is the role of teachers to find materials that will interest children and to provide active learning opportunities for their students.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children in the concrete operational period of development can focus on more than one dimension of a problem at a time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following children is most likely to be overweight?

    <p>A 7-year-old Mexican American boy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Heinz dilemma is used to measure preoperational thinking.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culture-free tests of intelligence have solved the problems associated with intelligence tests.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the presence of irrelevant information?

    <p>Although still affected by irrelevant information, children in middle childhood are less affected than younger children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following words accurately captures the thinking of a concrete operational child, as compared to earlier cognitive stages?

    <p>Flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In middle childhood, girls tend to be well-suited to activities such as gymnastics, dancing, and balancing due to their greater:

    <p>Limb coordination and flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ryan was shown 7 toy trucks. Four were dump trucks, two were concrete trucks, and one was a garbage truck. When asked if there were more trucks or more dump trucks, Ryan demonstrated a mastery of class inclusion when he answered:

    <p>More trucks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching technique would Piaget most likely have endorsed?

    <p>Active learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, people who are intelligent in one area may be less intelligent in other areas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Knowing that if A exceeds B in some property and if B exceeds C, then A must also exceed C is an example of transitivity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what age can most children hold a pencil just as adults do?

    <p>Age 6.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Class inclusion is the ability to:

    <p>Focus on subclasses and a larger class at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will a child typically develop the coordination required for gymnastics?

    <p>At about age 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyslexia has been linked to:

    <p>Neurological and genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You have been asked by the President to create a national exercise program for children. Of the following activities, which one would promote the best physical health for children?

    <p>Running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average correlation in IQ scores for monozygotic twins reared together is approximately:

    <p>+0.85</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Justin is 5 years old. He believes that right and wrong are absolutes and that behavior is correct when it conforms to the rules of the game. According to Piaget, what stage of moral development is Justin in?

    <p>Moral realism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ten-year-old Nathan has been taught by his parents that it's never acceptable to run into the street. However, he sees that his puppy has wandered onto the road and, after looking both ways, runs out to retrieve it. Nathan believes:

    <p>Circumstances sometimes require breaking the rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Randy is in Stage 1 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of morality. When asked about whether or not children should cheat on a test if they don't know the answer, he is likely to say:

    <p>&quot;They should not cheat because if they get caught they will be punished&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preschoolers are most likely to use postconventional reasoning for moral behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immanent justice means that justice could be served right away.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to reaction time between early childhood and age 18?

    <p>It decreases steadily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mainstreaming involves separating children with learning disabilities into specific classrooms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IQ scores are only useful for determining which children belong in gifted classes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the onset of ADHD typically occur?

    <p>At age 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ADHD different from typical inattention?

    <p>It involves excessive inattention as well as impulsivity and hyperactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jose understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then A is also heavier than C. This demonstrates:

    <p>Transitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done to promote regular exercise in children?

    <p>Encourage participation in activities, such as jumping rope or lap swimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parts of the brain have been associated with dyslexia?

    <p>The angular gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Seriation and Intelligence

    • Seriation is the ability to place objects in order based on size.
    • Intelligence refers to one’s understanding ability, while achievement indicates performance level.

    Gifted Children and Skills

    • A gifted child may possess a high IQ, superior abilities in multiple areas, or high creativity but is not solely defined by academic achievement.

    Motor Skills and Reaction Time

    • Catching a ball requires gross motor skills, not fine motor skills.
    • Reaction time generally improves during middle childhood.

    Moral Development Theories

    • Both Piaget and Kohlberg argue children's moral reasoning reflects social and cultural values.
    • Kohlberg's theory suggests children may progress through stages of moral development at different rates, with not all reaching the highest stage.

    Types of Intelligence and Cognitive Skills

    • Practical intelligence, as indicated by adaptability to environments like street life, differs from analytical and creative intelligence within Sternberg's theory.
    • A concrete operational child can focus on multiple dimensions of a problem and is no longer egocentric.

    Educational Strategies

    • Active learning is essential in educational settings, according to Piaget, to engage children's interests and promote understanding.

    Feeding and Nutrition in Childhood

    • School food is often high in sugar, salt, and animal fats, rather than adhering to dietary guidelines.
    • The average caloric intake for children aged 7 to 10 is about 2400 calories.

    Dyslexia and Learning

    • Dyslexia shows a genetic component, linked to neurological factors rather than environmental causes.
    • Cultural familial retardation is not attributed to biological causes.

    Physical Activity and Health

    • Activities that encourage running and physical fitness are preferred for promoting children's health.
    • Coordination and flexibility in children facilitate performance in activities like gymnastics.

    Memory and Cognitive Processing

    • Short-term memory can retain information for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal.
    • Selective attention becomes more refined as children age, aiding in the management of irrelevant information.

    Social and Cultural Factors in Development

    • The proportion of muscle and fat tissue changes during adolescence, with boys generally gaining muscle and girls gaining fat.
    • Children often believe in the absolute nature of rules, demonstrating moral realism, where right and wrong are viewed as clear-cut.

    ADHD and its Characteristics

    • ADHD typically presents with excessive inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, beginning around age 7.
    • Misconceptions about food, such as colorings causing ADHD, have been largely debunked.

    Class Inclusion and Advanced Reasoning

    • Class inclusion allows children to recognize subcategories within a larger category.
    • Concrete operational children can master logical relationships but struggle with abstract concepts.

    Development Indicators

    • Children by age 6 generally have a vocabulary of about 10,000 words, indicating significant linguistic development.
    • Adaptations in teaching approaches are pivotal for accommodating diverse learning needs among students.### Cognitive Development and Abilities
    • Decentration refers to understanding that changes in appearance do not alter an object's meaning, enabling children to focus on multiple aspects of a problem.
    • Cognitive growth includes stability in certain developmental traits from early childhood to adolescence, with significant increases in muscle mass for boys and fatty tissue for girls during middle childhood.
    • The average IQ is positioned within the 50th percentile, indicating that half of the population falls within the average IQ range.

    Learning Disabilities

    • Learning disabilities typically affect 2% of the childhood population and are associated with children of normal IQ levels, rather than being more prevalent in girls than boys.
    • Contrary to a common misconception, learning disabilities do not tend to vanish as children transition into adulthood.

    Motor Activities and Development

    • In middle childhood, boys generally outperform girls in most motor tasks, yet girls exhibit greater limb coordination than boys.
    • Increased myelination between the cortex and cerebellum enhances coordination and agility during middle childhood.

    Memory and Learning Strategies

    • Effective learning strategies include elaborative techniques that connect new information to previously known knowledge, rather than relying solely on rote rehearsal or memorization tactics.

    Moral Development and Thinking Styles

    • Children in the autonomous morality stage recognize that the severity of punishments should correlate with the extent of damage caused.
    • Creative thinking is typically divergent, challenging the notion that it is primarily convergent.
    • Environmental factors significantly influence obesity in children, as evidenced by the observation that children of overweight parents with unhealthy food environments are more likely to become overweight themselves.

    Piaget's Stages of Development

    • According to Piaget, the concrete operations stage of cognitive development is generally initiated by age 7, marking a critical transitional period for cognitive maturity in children.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore various aspects of intelligence and development in children, including seriation skills, moral development theories by Piaget and Kohlberg, and the characteristics of gifted children. This quiz also delves into motor skills and their relationship with cognitive abilities.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser