Intelligence and Development in Children

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true regarding the relative proportion of muscle and fatty tissue?

It is about the same for girls and boys until age 11 (correct)

Muscle increases for boys and fatty tissue increases for girls during middle childhood

Both increase dramatically for both genders during adolescence

It remains very stable from early childhood through adolescence

A key component of the information processing view of cognitive development includes:

Random retrieval processes

Selective attention processes (correct)

A limit on how much information can be stored in long term memory

Expansive attention

Food colorings and preservatives are responsible for the epidemic of ADHD.

False

The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure mathematical reasoning primarily.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which memory process lasts for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal?

Short term Signup and view all the answers

A concrete operational child would be able to do all of the following except:

Entertain abstract ideas Signup and view all the answers

Kohlberg researched moral development by using which of the following?

The Heinz development Signup and view all the answers

All of the following abilities make up Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, except:

Abstract Signup and view all the answers

In cognitive development, decentration means:

The ability to focus simultaneously on multiple aspects of a problem Signup and view all the answers

Most children with mental retardation are profoundly so.

False Signup and view all the answers

Florence was told that her son's IQ falls in the 'average' range. What percentage of people had an IQ in the average range?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about learning disabilities?

They afflict children with normal IQs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true concerning sex differences in motor activities during middle childhood?

Girls show greater limb coordination Signup and view all the answers

One reason for increased coordination and agility during the middle childhood years is that there is increased myelination in the pathways between the cortex and the:

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

A more effective method than rote rehearsal is to purposefully relate new material to well-known information, making it meaningful. This method uses what kind of strategy?

Elaborative Signup and view all the answers

Children in the autonomous morality stage think that punishments should be based on the amount of damage caused.

True Signup and view all the answers

Creative thinking tends to be convergent rather than divergent.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provides evidence for the role of environment in overweight?

Overweight parents who keep unhealthy foods in the home are more likely to have overweight children than those who do not Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, at what age will most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?

By age 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates seriation?

The ability to place sticks in order according to size Signup and view all the answers

Intelligence is considered one's understanding ability whereas achievement is one's performance.

True Signup and view all the answers

Paolo's teacher told his parents that he is a gifted child. What does this likely mean?

He is superior in two or more areas of achievement Signup and view all the answers

Catching a ball requires the use of fine motor skills.

False Signup and view all the answers

Reaction time improves during middle childhood.

True Signup and view all the answers

According to Spearman, Brenda's broad reasoning skills represent what?

Broad reasoning skills reflect 'G' Signup and view all the answers

Both Piaget and Kohlberg believed that children's moral reasoning undergoes the same cognitive developmental pattern. What do they agree on?

Reflects the values of the social and cultural setting in which the child is reared Signup and view all the answers

According to Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory, how do children progress through stages of moral development?

Not all children (or adults) reach the highest stage Signup and view all the answers

Carl has survived on the street because he has been able to adapt to the demands of street life. Carl is probably:

Practical Signup and view all the answers

Piaget believed that what was important for moral development?

Being able to take the perspective of others Signup and view all the answers

Children in the concrete operational period of development can focus on more than one dimension of a problem at a time.

True Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between creativity and IQ scores is moderate.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain translates visual information into auditory information?

The angular gyrus Signup and view all the answers

Heredity plays a role in overweight children.

True Signup and view all the answers

The average 7 to 10-year-old requires how many calories per day?

2,400 Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of mainstreaming?

To help non-need students become acquainted with those who have special needs Signup and view all the answers

Over the past few decades, food portions in restaurants have:

Become larger Signup and view all the answers

Jimmy looks at his homework and decides he should do his math first because it takes him the longest. Jimmy is:

Using metacognition Signup and view all the answers

The three types of intelligence identified in Sternberg's triarchic theory are: analytical, creative, practical.

True Signup and view all the answers

Reciting the alphabet until it is memorized is an example of:

Rote learning Signup and view all the answers

Hopping, skipping and jumping are examples of fine motor skills.

False Signup and view all the answers

By age 6, children's vocabulary consists of about how many words?

10,000 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about dyslexia?

It appears to have a genetic component Signup and view all the answers

A concrete operational child would be able to do all of the following except:

Entertain abstract ideas Signup and view all the answers

Growth during middle childhood is quite abrupt and unpredictable.

False Signup and view all the answers

Food offered to children in schools tends to be:

Heavy on sugar, salt, and animal fats Signup and view all the answers

Studies involving adopted children have found that their IQ scores are more closely related:

To their biological parents than to their adoptive parents Signup and view all the answers

Being able to focus on relevant information in a task is an example of selective attention.

True Signup and view all the answers

Boys have more coordination and agility than girls during middle childhood.

False Signup and view all the answers

The concrete operational child:

Can take another's perspective Signup and view all the answers

Children in the stage of moral realism take which factor into account when deciding who has been most naughty?

The amount of damage done Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of 'culture-free' intelligence tests?

They have not lived up to their promise Signup and view all the answers

The Wechsler scales have subtests which measure verbal tasks and what?

Performance tasks Signup and view all the answers

The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure mathematical reasoning primarily.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Down's Syndrome?

It is caused by chromosomal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of school-aged children is diagnosed with ADHD?

Around 3 percent Signup and view all the answers

Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.

True Signup and view all the answers

Approximately 3-5 percent of children in the United States are overweight.

False Signup and view all the answers

Heredity plays a role in overweight children.

True Signup and view all the answers

Cultural familial retardation does not involve biological causes of retardation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Believing in the ultimate reality of rules is an example of moral realism.

True Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, it is the role of teachers to find materials that will interest children and to provide active learning opportunities for their students.

True Signup and view all the answers

Children in the concrete operational period of development can focus on more than one dimension of a problem at a time.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following children is most likely to be overweight?

A 7-year-old Mexican American boy Signup and view all the answers

The Heinz dilemma is used to measure preoperational thinking.

False Signup and view all the answers

Culture-free tests of intelligence have solved the problems associated with intelligence tests.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the presence of irrelevant information?

Although still affected by irrelevant information, children in middle childhood are less affected than younger children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following words accurately captures the thinking of a concrete operational child, as compared to earlier cognitive stages?

Flexible Signup and view all the answers

In middle childhood, girls tend to be well-suited to activities such as gymnastics, dancing, and balancing due to their greater:

Limb coordination and flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Ryan was shown 7 toy trucks. Four were dump trucks, two were concrete trucks, and one was a garbage truck. When asked if there were more trucks or more dump trucks, Ryan demonstrated a mastery of class inclusion when he answered:

More trucks Signup and view all the answers

Which teaching technique would Piaget most likely have endorsed?

Active learning Signup and view all the answers

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, people who are intelligent in one area may be less intelligent in other areas.

True Signup and view all the answers

Knowing that if A exceeds B in some property and if B exceeds C, then A must also exceed C is an example of transitivity.

True Signup and view all the answers

By what age can most children hold a pencil just as adults do?

Age 6.5 Signup and view all the answers

Class inclusion is the ability to:

Focus on subclasses and a larger class at the same time Signup and view all the answers

When will a child typically develop the coordination required for gymnastics?

At about age 11 Signup and view all the answers

Dyslexia has been linked to:

Neurological and genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

You have been asked by the President to create a national exercise program for children. Of the following activities, which one would promote the best physical health for children?

Running Signup and view all the answers

The average correlation in IQ scores for monozygotic twins reared together is approximately:

+0.85 Signup and view all the answers

Justin is 5 years old. He believes that right and wrong are absolutes and that behavior is correct when it conforms to the rules of the game. According to Piaget, what stage of moral development is Justin in?

Moral realism Signup and view all the answers

Ten-year-old Nathan has been taught by his parents that it's never acceptable to run into the street. However, he sees that his puppy has wandered onto the road and, after looking both ways, runs out to retrieve it. Nathan believes:

Circumstances sometimes require breaking the rules Signup and view all the answers

Randy is in Stage 1 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of morality. When asked about whether or not children should cheat on a test if they don't know the answer, he is likely to say:

"They should not cheat because if they get caught they will be punished" Signup and view all the answers

Preschoolers are most likely to use postconventional reasoning for moral behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

Immanent justice means that justice could be served right away.

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens to reaction time between early childhood and age 18?

It decreases steadily Signup and view all the answers

Mainstreaming involves separating children with learning disabilities into specific classrooms.

False Signup and view all the answers

Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.

True Signup and view all the answers

IQ scores are only useful for determining which children belong in gifted classes.

False Signup and view all the answers

When does the onset of ADHD typically occur?

At age 7 Signup and view all the answers

How is ADHD different from typical inattention?

It involves excessive inattention as well as impulsivity and hyperactivity Signup and view all the answers

Jose understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then A is also heavier than C. This demonstrates:

Transitivity Signup and view all the answers

What can be done to promote regular exercise in children?

Encourage participation in activities, such as jumping rope or lap swimming Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parts of the brain have been associated with dyslexia?

The angular gyrus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seriation and Intelligence

Seriation is the ability to place objects in order based on size.
Intelligence refers to one’s understanding ability, while achievement indicates performance level.

Gifted Children and Skills

A gifted child may possess a high IQ, superior abilities in multiple areas, or high creativity but is not solely defined by academic achievement.

Motor Skills and Reaction Time

Catching a ball requires gross motor skills, not fine motor skills.
Reaction time generally improves during middle childhood.

Moral Development Theories

Both Piaget and Kohlberg argue children's moral reasoning reflects social and cultural values.
Kohlberg's theory suggests children may progress through stages of moral development at different rates, with not all reaching the highest stage.

Types of Intelligence and Cognitive Skills

Practical intelligence, as indicated by adaptability to environments like street life, differs from analytical and creative intelligence within Sternberg's theory.
A concrete operational child can focus on multiple dimensions of a problem and is no longer egocentric.

Educational Strategies

Active learning is essential in educational settings, according to Piaget, to engage children's interests and promote understanding.

Feeding and Nutrition in Childhood

School food is often high in sugar, salt, and animal fats, rather than adhering to dietary guidelines.
The average caloric intake for children aged 7 to 10 is about 2400 calories.

Dyslexia and Learning

Dyslexia shows a genetic component, linked to neurological factors rather than environmental causes.
Cultural familial retardation is not attributed to biological causes.

Physical Activity and Health

Activities that encourage running and physical fitness are preferred for promoting children's health.
Coordination and flexibility in children facilitate performance in activities like gymnastics.

Memory and Cognitive Processing

Short-term memory can retain information for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal.
Selective attention becomes more refined as children age, aiding in the management of irrelevant information.

The proportion of muscle and fat tissue changes during adolescence, with boys generally gaining muscle and girls gaining fat.
Children often believe in the absolute nature of rules, demonstrating moral realism, where right and wrong are viewed as clear-cut.

ADHD and its Characteristics

ADHD typically presents with excessive inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, beginning around age 7.
Misconceptions about food, such as colorings causing ADHD, have been largely debunked.

Class Inclusion and Advanced Reasoning

Class inclusion allows children to recognize subcategories within a larger category.
Concrete operational children can master logical relationships but struggle with abstract concepts.

Development Indicators

Children by age 6 generally have a vocabulary of about 10,000 words, indicating significant linguistic development.
Adaptations in teaching approaches are pivotal for accommodating diverse learning needs among students.### Cognitive Development and Abilities
Decentration refers to understanding that changes in appearance do not alter an object's meaning, enabling children to focus on multiple aspects of a problem.
Cognitive growth includes stability in certain developmental traits from early childhood to adolescence, with significant increases in muscle mass for boys and fatty tissue for girls during middle childhood.
The average IQ is positioned within the 50th percentile, indicating that half of the population falls within the average IQ range.

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities typically affect 2% of the childhood population and are associated with children of normal IQ levels, rather than being more prevalent in girls than boys.
Contrary to a common misconception, learning disabilities do not tend to vanish as children transition into adulthood.

Motor Activities and Development

In middle childhood, boys generally outperform girls in most motor tasks, yet girls exhibit greater limb coordination than boys.
Increased myelination between the cortex and cerebellum enhances coordination and agility during middle childhood.

Memory and Learning Strategies

Effective learning strategies include elaborative techniques that connect new information to previously known knowledge, rather than relying solely on rote rehearsal or memorization tactics.

Moral Development and Thinking Styles

Children in the autonomous morality stage recognize that the severity of punishments should correlate with the extent of damage caused.
Creative thinking is typically divergent, challenging the notion that it is primarily convergent.

Influences on Overweight Trends

Environmental factors significantly influence obesity in children, as evidenced by the observation that children of overweight parents with unhealthy food environments are more likely to become overweight themselves.

Piaget's Stages of Development

According to Piaget, the concrete operations stage of cognitive development is generally initiated by age 7, marking a critical transitional period for cognitive maturity in children.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore various aspects of intelligence and development in children, including seriation skills, moral development theories by Piaget and Kohlberg, and the characteristics of gifted children. This quiz also delves into motor skills and their relationship with cognitive abilities.