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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true regarding the relative proportion of muscle and fatty tissue?
Which of the following is true regarding the relative proportion of muscle and fatty tissue?
- It is about the same for girls and boys until age 11 (correct)
- Muscle increases for boys and fatty tissue increases for girls during middle childhood
- Both increase dramatically for both genders during adolescence
- It remains very stable from early childhood through adolescence
A key component of the information processing view of cognitive development includes:
A key component of the information processing view of cognitive development includes:
- Random retrieval processes
- Selective attention processes (correct)
- A limit on how much information can be stored in long term memory
- Expansive attention
Food colorings and preservatives are responsible for the epidemic of ADHD.
Food colorings and preservatives are responsible for the epidemic of ADHD.
False (B)
The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure mathematical reasoning primarily.
The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure mathematical reasoning primarily.
Which memory process lasts for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal?
Which memory process lasts for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal?
A concrete operational child would be able to do all of the following except:
A concrete operational child would be able to do all of the following except:
Kohlberg researched moral development by using which of the following?
Kohlberg researched moral development by using which of the following?
All of the following abilities make up Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, except:
All of the following abilities make up Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, except:
In cognitive development, decentration means:
In cognitive development, decentration means:
Most children with mental retardation are profoundly so.
Most children with mental retardation are profoundly so.
Florence was told that her son's IQ falls in the 'average' range. What percentage of people had an IQ in the average range?
Florence was told that her son's IQ falls in the 'average' range. What percentage of people had an IQ in the average range?
Which of the following is true about learning disabilities?
Which of the following is true about learning disabilities?
Which of the following is true concerning sex differences in motor activities during middle childhood?
Which of the following is true concerning sex differences in motor activities during middle childhood?
One reason for increased coordination and agility during the middle childhood years is that there is increased myelination in the pathways between the cortex and the:
One reason for increased coordination and agility during the middle childhood years is that there is increased myelination in the pathways between the cortex and the:
A more effective method than rote rehearsal is to purposefully relate new material to well-known information, making it meaningful. This method uses what kind of strategy?
A more effective method than rote rehearsal is to purposefully relate new material to well-known information, making it meaningful. This method uses what kind of strategy?
Children in the autonomous morality stage think that punishments should be based on the amount of damage caused.
Children in the autonomous morality stage think that punishments should be based on the amount of damage caused.
Creative thinking tends to be convergent rather than divergent.
Creative thinking tends to be convergent rather than divergent.
Which of the following provides evidence for the role of environment in overweight?
Which of the following provides evidence for the role of environment in overweight?
According to Piaget, at what age will most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?
According to Piaget, at what age will most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?
Which of the following illustrates seriation?
Which of the following illustrates seriation?
Intelligence is considered one's understanding ability whereas achievement is one's performance.
Intelligence is considered one's understanding ability whereas achievement is one's performance.
Paolo's teacher told his parents that he is a gifted child. What does this likely mean?
Paolo's teacher told his parents that he is a gifted child. What does this likely mean?
Catching a ball requires the use of fine motor skills.
Catching a ball requires the use of fine motor skills.
Reaction time improves during middle childhood.
Reaction time improves during middle childhood.
According to Spearman, Brenda's broad reasoning skills represent what?
According to Spearman, Brenda's broad reasoning skills represent what?
Both Piaget and Kohlberg believed that children's moral reasoning undergoes the same cognitive developmental pattern. What do they agree on?
Both Piaget and Kohlberg believed that children's moral reasoning undergoes the same cognitive developmental pattern. What do they agree on?
According to Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory, how do children progress through stages of moral development?
According to Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory, how do children progress through stages of moral development?
Carl has survived on the street because he has been able to adapt to the demands of street life. Carl is probably:
Carl has survived on the street because he has been able to adapt to the demands of street life. Carl is probably:
Piaget believed that what was important for moral development?
Piaget believed that what was important for moral development?
Children in the concrete operational period of development can focus on more than one dimension of a problem at a time.
Children in the concrete operational period of development can focus on more than one dimension of a problem at a time.
The relationship between creativity and IQ scores is moderate.
The relationship between creativity and IQ scores is moderate.
Which part of the brain translates visual information into auditory information?
Which part of the brain translates visual information into auditory information?
Heredity plays a role in overweight children.
Heredity plays a role in overweight children.
The average 7 to 10-year-old requires how many calories per day?
The average 7 to 10-year-old requires how many calories per day?
What is the goal of mainstreaming?
What is the goal of mainstreaming?
Over the past few decades, food portions in restaurants have:
Over the past few decades, food portions in restaurants have:
Jimmy looks at his homework and decides he should do his math first because it takes him the longest. Jimmy is:
Jimmy looks at his homework and decides he should do his math first because it takes him the longest. Jimmy is:
The three types of intelligence identified in Sternberg's triarchic theory are: analytical, creative, practical.
The three types of intelligence identified in Sternberg's triarchic theory are: analytical, creative, practical.
Reciting the alphabet until it is memorized is an example of:
Reciting the alphabet until it is memorized is an example of:
Hopping, skipping and jumping are examples of fine motor skills.
Hopping, skipping and jumping are examples of fine motor skills.
By age 6, children's vocabulary consists of about how many words?
By age 6, children's vocabulary consists of about how many words?
Which of the following is true about dyslexia?
Which of the following is true about dyslexia?
A concrete operational child would be able to do all of the following except:
A concrete operational child would be able to do all of the following except:
Growth during middle childhood is quite abrupt and unpredictable.
Growth during middle childhood is quite abrupt and unpredictable.
Food offered to children in schools tends to be:
Food offered to children in schools tends to be:
Studies involving adopted children have found that their IQ scores are more closely related:
Studies involving adopted children have found that their IQ scores are more closely related:
Being able to focus on relevant information in a task is an example of selective attention.
Being able to focus on relevant information in a task is an example of selective attention.
Boys have more coordination and agility than girls during middle childhood.
Boys have more coordination and agility than girls during middle childhood.
The concrete operational child:
The concrete operational child:
Children in the stage of moral realism take which factor into account when deciding who has been most naughty?
Children in the stage of moral realism take which factor into account when deciding who has been most naughty?
Which of the following is true of 'culture-free' intelligence tests?
Which of the following is true of 'culture-free' intelligence tests?
The Wechsler scales have subtests which measure verbal tasks and what?
The Wechsler scales have subtests which measure verbal tasks and what?
The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure mathematical reasoning primarily.
The Wechsler scales of intelligence measure mathematical reasoning primarily.
Which of the following is true about Down's Syndrome?
Which of the following is true about Down's Syndrome?
Approximately what percentage of school-aged children is diagnosed with ADHD?
Approximately what percentage of school-aged children is diagnosed with ADHD?
Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.
Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.
Approximately 3-5 percent of children in the United States are overweight.
Approximately 3-5 percent of children in the United States are overweight.
Heredity plays a role in overweight children.
Heredity plays a role in overweight children.
Cultural familial retardation does not involve biological causes of retardation.
Cultural familial retardation does not involve biological causes of retardation.
Believing in the ultimate reality of rules is an example of moral realism.
Believing in the ultimate reality of rules is an example of moral realism.
According to Piaget, it is the role of teachers to find materials that will interest children and to provide active learning opportunities for their students.
According to Piaget, it is the role of teachers to find materials that will interest children and to provide active learning opportunities for their students.
Children in the concrete operational period of development can focus on more than one dimension of a problem at a time.
Children in the concrete operational period of development can focus on more than one dimension of a problem at a time.
Which of the following children is most likely to be overweight?
Which of the following children is most likely to be overweight?
The Heinz dilemma is used to measure preoperational thinking.
The Heinz dilemma is used to measure preoperational thinking.
Culture-free tests of intelligence have solved the problems associated with intelligence tests.
Culture-free tests of intelligence have solved the problems associated with intelligence tests.
Which of the following is true about the presence of irrelevant information?
Which of the following is true about the presence of irrelevant information?
Which of the following words accurately captures the thinking of a concrete operational child, as compared to earlier cognitive stages?
Which of the following words accurately captures the thinking of a concrete operational child, as compared to earlier cognitive stages?
In middle childhood, girls tend to be well-suited to activities such as gymnastics, dancing, and balancing due to their greater:
In middle childhood, girls tend to be well-suited to activities such as gymnastics, dancing, and balancing due to their greater:
Ryan was shown 7 toy trucks. Four were dump trucks, two were concrete trucks, and one was a garbage truck. When asked if there were more trucks or more dump trucks, Ryan demonstrated a mastery of class inclusion when he answered:
Ryan was shown 7 toy trucks. Four were dump trucks, two were concrete trucks, and one was a garbage truck. When asked if there were more trucks or more dump trucks, Ryan demonstrated a mastery of class inclusion when he answered:
Which teaching technique would Piaget most likely have endorsed?
Which teaching technique would Piaget most likely have endorsed?
According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, people who are intelligent in one area may be less intelligent in other areas.
According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, people who are intelligent in one area may be less intelligent in other areas.
Knowing that if A exceeds B in some property and if B exceeds C, then A must also exceed C is an example of transitivity.
Knowing that if A exceeds B in some property and if B exceeds C, then A must also exceed C is an example of transitivity.
By what age can most children hold a pencil just as adults do?
By what age can most children hold a pencil just as adults do?
Class inclusion is the ability to:
Class inclusion is the ability to:
When will a child typically develop the coordination required for gymnastics?
When will a child typically develop the coordination required for gymnastics?
Dyslexia has been linked to:
Dyslexia has been linked to:
You have been asked by the President to create a national exercise program for children. Of the following activities, which one would promote the best physical health for children?
You have been asked by the President to create a national exercise program for children. Of the following activities, which one would promote the best physical health for children?
The average correlation in IQ scores for monozygotic twins reared together is approximately:
The average correlation in IQ scores for monozygotic twins reared together is approximately:
Justin is 5 years old. He believes that right and wrong are absolutes and that behavior is correct when it conforms to the rules of the game. According to Piaget, what stage of moral development is Justin in?
Justin is 5 years old. He believes that right and wrong are absolutes and that behavior is correct when it conforms to the rules of the game. According to Piaget, what stage of moral development is Justin in?
Ten-year-old Nathan has been taught by his parents that it's never acceptable to run into the street. However, he sees that his puppy has wandered onto the road and, after looking both ways, runs out to retrieve it. Nathan believes:
Ten-year-old Nathan has been taught by his parents that it's never acceptable to run into the street. However, he sees that his puppy has wandered onto the road and, after looking both ways, runs out to retrieve it. Nathan believes:
Randy is in Stage 1 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of morality. When asked about whether or not children should cheat on a test if they don't know the answer, he is likely to say:
Randy is in Stage 1 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of morality. When asked about whether or not children should cheat on a test if they don't know the answer, he is likely to say:
Preschoolers are most likely to use postconventional reasoning for moral behavior.
Preschoolers are most likely to use postconventional reasoning for moral behavior.
Immanent justice means that justice could be served right away.
Immanent justice means that justice could be served right away.
What happens to reaction time between early childhood and age 18?
What happens to reaction time between early childhood and age 18?
Mainstreaming involves separating children with learning disabilities into specific classrooms.
Mainstreaming involves separating children with learning disabilities into specific classrooms.
Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.
Right and wrong are judged by conforming to social conventions in the conventional level of moral development.
IQ scores are only useful for determining which children belong in gifted classes.
IQ scores are only useful for determining which children belong in gifted classes.
When does the onset of ADHD typically occur?
When does the onset of ADHD typically occur?
How is ADHD different from typical inattention?
How is ADHD different from typical inattention?
Jose understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then A is also heavier than C. This demonstrates:
Jose understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then A is also heavier than C. This demonstrates:
What can be done to promote regular exercise in children?
What can be done to promote regular exercise in children?
Which of the following parts of the brain have been associated with dyslexia?
Which of the following parts of the brain have been associated with dyslexia?
Study Notes
Seriation and Intelligence
- Seriation is the ability to place objects in order based on size.
- Intelligence refers to one’s understanding ability, while achievement indicates performance level.
Gifted Children and Skills
- A gifted child may possess a high IQ, superior abilities in multiple areas, or high creativity but is not solely defined by academic achievement.
Motor Skills and Reaction Time
- Catching a ball requires gross motor skills, not fine motor skills.
- Reaction time generally improves during middle childhood.
Moral Development Theories
- Both Piaget and Kohlberg argue children's moral reasoning reflects social and cultural values.
- Kohlberg's theory suggests children may progress through stages of moral development at different rates, with not all reaching the highest stage.
Types of Intelligence and Cognitive Skills
- Practical intelligence, as indicated by adaptability to environments like street life, differs from analytical and creative intelligence within Sternberg's theory.
- A concrete operational child can focus on multiple dimensions of a problem and is no longer egocentric.
Educational Strategies
- Active learning is essential in educational settings, according to Piaget, to engage children's interests and promote understanding.
Feeding and Nutrition in Childhood
- School food is often high in sugar, salt, and animal fats, rather than adhering to dietary guidelines.
- The average caloric intake for children aged 7 to 10 is about 2400 calories.
Dyslexia and Learning
- Dyslexia shows a genetic component, linked to neurological factors rather than environmental causes.
- Cultural familial retardation is not attributed to biological causes.
Physical Activity and Health
- Activities that encourage running and physical fitness are preferred for promoting children's health.
- Coordination and flexibility in children facilitate performance in activities like gymnastics.
Memory and Cognitive Processing
- Short-term memory can retain information for up to 30 seconds without rehearsal.
- Selective attention becomes more refined as children age, aiding in the management of irrelevant information.
Social and Cultural Factors in Development
- The proportion of muscle and fat tissue changes during adolescence, with boys generally gaining muscle and girls gaining fat.
- Children often believe in the absolute nature of rules, demonstrating moral realism, where right and wrong are viewed as clear-cut.
ADHD and its Characteristics
- ADHD typically presents with excessive inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, beginning around age 7.
- Misconceptions about food, such as colorings causing ADHD, have been largely debunked.
Class Inclusion and Advanced Reasoning
- Class inclusion allows children to recognize subcategories within a larger category.
- Concrete operational children can master logical relationships but struggle with abstract concepts.
Development Indicators
- Children by age 6 generally have a vocabulary of about 10,000 words, indicating significant linguistic development.
- Adaptations in teaching approaches are pivotal for accommodating diverse learning needs among students.### Cognitive Development and Abilities
- Decentration refers to understanding that changes in appearance do not alter an object's meaning, enabling children to focus on multiple aspects of a problem.
- Cognitive growth includes stability in certain developmental traits from early childhood to adolescence, with significant increases in muscle mass for boys and fatty tissue for girls during middle childhood.
- The average IQ is positioned within the 50th percentile, indicating that half of the population falls within the average IQ range.
Learning Disabilities
- Learning disabilities typically affect 2% of the childhood population and are associated with children of normal IQ levels, rather than being more prevalent in girls than boys.
- Contrary to a common misconception, learning disabilities do not tend to vanish as children transition into adulthood.
Motor Activities and Development
- In middle childhood, boys generally outperform girls in most motor tasks, yet girls exhibit greater limb coordination than boys.
- Increased myelination between the cortex and cerebellum enhances coordination and agility during middle childhood.
Memory and Learning Strategies
- Effective learning strategies include elaborative techniques that connect new information to previously known knowledge, rather than relying solely on rote rehearsal or memorization tactics.
Moral Development and Thinking Styles
- Children in the autonomous morality stage recognize that the severity of punishments should correlate with the extent of damage caused.
- Creative thinking is typically divergent, challenging the notion that it is primarily convergent.
Influences on Overweight Trends
- Environmental factors significantly influence obesity in children, as evidenced by the observation that children of overweight parents with unhealthy food environments are more likely to become overweight themselves.
Piaget's Stages of Development
- According to Piaget, the concrete operations stage of cognitive development is generally initiated by age 7, marking a critical transitional period for cognitive maturity in children.
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Description
Explore various aspects of intelligence and development in children, including seriation skills, moral development theories by Piaget and Kohlberg, and the characteristics of gifted children. This quiz also delves into motor skills and their relationship with cognitive abilities.
