Integumentary System Structures

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Questions and Answers

Which type of gland is responsible for the production of sebum?

  • Eccrine gland
  • Sebaceous gland (correct)
  • Merocrine gland
  • Apocrine gland

What is the primary function of the arrector pili muscle?

  • Production of sweat
  • Secretion of sebum
  • Contraction to cause goose bumps (correct)
  • Regulation of body temperature

Which layer of the skin is responsible for binding the skin to underlying tissues?

  • Subcutaneous layer
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis (correct)
  • Epidermis

Which of the following is NOT a function of the dermis?

<p>Provides a waterproof barrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?

<p>Epithelial tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland is more abundant, eccrine or apocrine?

<p>Eccrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are responsible for detecting touch?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of melanin?

<p>Gives skin its color (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the hypodermis?

<p>It is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cold temperatures, what happens to the arrector pili muscle?

<p>It contracts and causes hair follicles to stand erect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The eccrine glands secrete which of the following?

<p>Sweat with a high concentration of electrolytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland secretes sebum?

<p>Sebaceous glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these types of glands are NOT incorrectly named?

<p>Eccrine glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a tissue type found in the dermis?

<p>Epithelial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the epidermis?

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue primarily comprises the dermis layer of the skin?

<p>Dense irregular connective tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of sebaceous glands?

<p>They associate with hair follicles and produce sebum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is most active in response to body temperature regulation?

<p>Eccrine gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does keratin serve in the skin?

<p>Forms a waterproof barrier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin contains major blood vessels?

<p>Dermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances do apocrine glands become actively secretory?

<p>At puberty and in response to emotional stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of melanin in the skin?

<p>To give skin its color and protect against UV rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT directly involved in thermoregulation?

<p>Pacinian corpuscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer, is primarily composed of which two tissue types?

<p>Areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the secretion mechanism of apocrine glands?

<p>Secretion is released through exocytosis without loss of cell membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sebum?

<p>To lubricate the hair and skin, preventing dryness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the dermis?

<p>Keratinocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In response to cold temperatures or emotional upset, what happens to the arrector pili muscles?

<p>They contract, causing goosebumps. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of melanin?

<p>Melanin gives the skin its color and protects it from damaging UV radiation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the structure and function of the epidermis is TRUE?

<p>The epidermis is made of closely packed epithelial cells and serves as a waterproof barrier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epidermis

The thin, outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium.

Dermis

The thicker, inner layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle, and nervous tissue.

Hypodermis

The layer beneath the dermis, made of areolar and adipose tissues, binding skin to tissues.

Sebaceous gland

Gland secreting sebum, an oily substance that waterproofs and softens hair and skin.

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Eccrine gland

Merocrine glands that respond to body temperature, found prominently on forehead, neck, and back.

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Apocrine gland

Gland active at puberty; secretes sweat rich in proteins and fats, causing body odor.

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Sebum

Natural moisturizer that keeps skin soft by creating a protective barrier.

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Keratin and melanin

Keratin is a structural protein for waterproofing; melanin is a pigment protecting from UV rays.

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Hypodermis functions

Binds skin to underlying tissues and insulates the body.

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Hair follicle development

Each hair grows from stem cells at the base of a tube-like structure.

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Sebaceous gland secretion

Secretes sebum, which waterproofs and softens skin and hair.

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Eccrine gland location

More abundant sweat glands found on forehead, neck, and back.

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Apocrine gland activation

Becomes active at puberty and responds to emotions and fear.

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Structure of epidermis

Made of closely packed epithelial cells for protection.

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Pacinian corpuscle

Pressure receptors detecting deep pressures and vibrations.

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Functions of melanin

Pigment providing skin color and UV protection.

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Epidermis structure

Outer layer of skin, made of stratified squamous epithelium.

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Dermis components

Contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve tissues.

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Arrector pili purpose

Smooth muscle causing goosebumps when contracted.

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Functions of sebum

Moisturizes skin, keeping it soft and protective.

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Keratin role

Structural protein providing waterproof barrier in skin.

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Melanin function

Pigment produced by melanocytes for skin color and UV protection.

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Hypodermis Composition

Made of areolar and adipose tissues; binds skin to tissues.

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Functions of the dermis

Contains blood vessels, hair follicles, and sensory structures; supports the epidermis.

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Eccrine gland function

Sweat glands that regulate body temperature, found mainly on the surface.

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Apocrine gland location

Most numerous in axilla and groin; active at puberty.

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Sebaceous gland association

Usually found with hair follicles; secretes sebum to waterproof skin.

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Arrector pili function

Smooth muscle attached to hair follicles; causes goosebumps when contracted.

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Pacinian corpuscle function

Detects deep pressure and vibrations in the skin.

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Role of melanocytes

Cells producing melanin, giving skin its color and protection from UV rays.

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Study Notes

Integumentary System Structures

  • Epidermis: The thin, outermost layer of stratified squamous epithelium.
  • Dermis: A thicker, inner layer composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle, and nerves.
  • Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer): A layer beneath the dermis, made of areolar and adipose tissue. It connects the skin to underlying tissues, provides insulation, and contains blood vessels that supply the skin. It is not part of the skin itself.

Hair Follicle

  • Hair follicles develop from epithelial stem cells.
  • They extend down into the dermis, sometimes into the subcutaneous layer, in a tube-like structure.

Sebaceous Gland

  • Secretes sebum, a substance that waterproofs and softens hair and skin.
  • Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands, releasing the entire cell contents.
  • These glands are associated with hair follicles.

Eccrine Gland

  • These merocrine glands respond to temperature changes.
  • They are more abundant than apocrine glands.
  • Found on the forehead, neck, back.
  • Secrete directly onto skin surfaces.

Apocrine Gland

  • Become active at puberty.
  • Respond to fear, emotional upset, pain, or sexual arousal.
  • Found in the axilla (armpits) and groin.
  • Sweat contains proteins and fats, contributing to body odor.
  • Secrete into hair follicles.

Pacinian Corpuscle (Lamellated Corpuscle)

  • A type of nerve ending.
  • Associated with deep pressure and vibration.

Arrector Pili

  • A bundle of smooth muscle cells.
  • Attached to hair follicles, contracting in response to cold or emotional upset, causing goosebumps.

Skin Tissue Types

  • Epidermis: Composed of epithelial cells
  • Dermis: Dense, irregular connective tissue, containing blood vessels, hair follicles, and glands.
  • Hypodermis: Areolar and adipose tissue

Sebum Function

  • Acts as a natural moisturizer, maintaining skin softness and creating a protective barrier.

Keratin Function

  • A structural protein that forms the waterproof outer layer of skin.

Melanin Function

  • A pigment produced by melanocytes, giving skin its color.
  • Provides protection against harmful UV rays from the sun.

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