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Questions and Answers
What is the role of an oncologist?
What is the role of an oncologist?
- They diagnose and treat cancer. (correct)
- They focus on the treatment of fungal infections.
- They specialize in skin diseases.
- They provide treatment for bone fractures.
Which statement correctly describes a benign tumor?
Which statement correctly describes a benign tumor?
- It is always cancerous.
- It can invade neighboring tissues.
- It spreads through the bloodstream.
- It only grows locally and does not metastasize. (correct)
Which type of biopsy involves removing the entire tumor?
Which type of biopsy involves removing the entire tumor?
- Needle biopsy
- Excisional biopsy (correct)
- Core biopsy
- Incisional biopsy
What does 'metastasis' refer to in the context of cancer?
What does 'metastasis' refer to in the context of cancer?
Which of the following best describes palliative treatment?
Which of the following best describes palliative treatment?
Which layer of the skin is the outermost membrane layer?
Which layer of the skin is the outermost membrane layer?
What is the term for the infection of skin caused by dermatophytes?
What is the term for the infection of skin caused by dermatophytes?
Seborrhea is characterized by which of the following?
Seborrhea is characterized by which of the following?
What is the primary function of melanocytes?
What is the primary function of melanocytes?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by excessive sweating?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by excessive sweating?
What does keratolytic refer to?
What does keratolytic refer to?
Which condition results in dark body hair in women where it typically does not occur?
Which condition results in dark body hair in women where it typically does not occur?
Which skin condition is associated with loss of skin color in patches?
Which skin condition is associated with loss of skin color in patches?
Flashcards
Malignant tumor
Malignant tumor
A type of tumor that can spread to other parts of the body.
Metastasis
Metastasis
The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body, often via the blood or lymph system.
Benign tumor
Benign tumor
A tumor that does not spread to other parts of the body.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
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Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy
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What is the integumentary system?
What is the integumentary system?
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What is the epidermis?
What is the epidermis?
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What is the dermis?
What is the dermis?
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What is the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?
What is the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?
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What is dermatology?
What is dermatology?
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What is hirsutism?
What is hirsutism?
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What is sebum?
What is sebum?
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What is seborrhea?
What is seborrhea?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System
- The integumentary system is the body's outer layer, consisting of skin, hair, nails, and glands.
- Skin is composed of three layers:
- Epidermis: the thin, outer membrane layer.
- Dermis: the middle, fibrous connective tissue layer.
- Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis): the innermost layer of fatty tissue.
Skin Conditions and Diseases
- Dermatology: the branch of medicine dealing with skin diseases.
- Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin.
- Dermatophytosis: skin infection by dermatophytes (fungi).
- Leukoderma: a localized area of white depigmented skin due to melanin loss, often after a burn or trauma.
- Keratosis: localized horny overgrowth of the skin, such as warts or calluses.
- Keratolytic: a compound used to remove excess keratin.
- Hypertrichosis: excessive hair growth in areas it is uncommon, in both men and women.
- Piloerection: hair raising/erection.
- Pilomotor muscle: the muscle causing hair erection.
- Onychomycosis: fungal infection of the nail.
- Paronychia: inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail.
- Sebum: natural oily substance that protects the skin.
- Seborrhea: a common non-contagious skin condition with excess sebum secretion.
Additional Skin Terminology
- Melano (dark or black):
- Melanocyte: melanin-producing cells.
- Melanoma: cancerous tumour of melanocytes.
- Skin Conditions:
- Diaphoresis: excessive sweating.
- Hirsutism: excessive dark hair growth in areas common to women.
- Photosensitivity: skin reaction to light.
- Pruritus: severe itching
- Vitiligo: chronic autoimmune loss of skin colour in patches.
- Skin Diseases:
- Abscess: collection of pus in skin.
- Acne: inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
- Scabies: infectious skin disease caused by a parasite.
- Eczema: allergic skin lesion with redness, vesicles, and itching.
- Psoriasis: chronic, scaly, and often itchy skin disease.
- Tinea: fungal skin infection.
- Warts: epidermal growth due to viral infection.
Cancer Terminology
- Carcinogenic agent: substance causing cancer.
- Precancerous lesion: lesion that may transform into cancer.
- Carcinoma: malignant cancer arising from epithelial cells (skin, organs, and glands).
- Sarcoma: malignant cancer arising from connective tissues (bone, muscle, cartilage, or fat).
Tumour Types
- Lipoma: benign tumor originating from fat.
- Fibroma: benign tumor originating from fibrous tissue.
- Myoma: benign tumor originating from muscle tissue.
- Osteosarcoma: malignant tumor originating from bone.
Diagnostic Procedures
- Biopsy: taking a tissue sample for examination:
- Incisional: taking part of the tissue.
- Excisional: removing the whole lesion.
- Needle: extracting a small sample with a needle.
Cancer Treatment
- Curative: treatment to eliminate cancer completely.
- Palliative: treatment to lessen cancer symptoms.
- Chemotherapy: using anticancer drugs.
- Radiotherapy: using radiation.
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