Integumentary System Quiz

Integumentary System

• The integumentary system is the body's outer layer, consisting of skin, hair, nails, and glands.
• Skin is composed of three layers:
  • Epidermis: the thin, outer membrane layer.
  • Dermis: the middle, fibrous connective tissue layer.
  • Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis): the innermost layer of fatty tissue.

Skin Conditions and Diseases

• Dermatology: the branch of medicine dealing with skin diseases.
• Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin.
• Dermatophytosis: skin infection by dermatophytes (fungi).
• Leukoderma: a localized area of white depigmented skin due to melanin loss, often after a burn or trauma.
• Keratosis: localized horny overgrowth of the skin, such as warts or calluses.
• Keratolytic: a compound used to remove excess keratin.
• Hypertrichosis: excessive hair growth in areas it is uncommon, in both men and women.
• Piloerection: hair raising/erection.
• Pilomotor muscle: the muscle causing hair erection.
• Onychomycosis: fungal infection of the nail.
• Paronychia: inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail.
• Sebum: natural oily substance that protects the skin.
• Seborrhea: a common non-contagious skin condition with excess sebum secretion.

Additional Skin Terminology

• Melano (dark or black):
  • Melanocyte: melanin-producing cells.
  • Melanoma: cancerous tumour of melanocytes.
• Skin Conditions:
  • Diaphoresis: excessive sweating.
  • Hirsutism: excessive dark hair growth in areas common to women.
  • Photosensitivity: skin reaction to light.
  • Pruritus: severe itching
  • Vitiligo: chronic autoimmune loss of skin colour in patches.
• Skin Diseases:
  • Abscess: collection of pus in skin.
  • Acne: inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
  • Scabies: infectious skin disease caused by a parasite.
  • Eczema: allergic skin lesion with redness, vesicles, and itching.
  • Psoriasis: chronic, scaly, and often itchy skin disease.
  • Tinea: fungal skin infection.
  • Warts: epidermal growth due to viral infection.

Cancer Terminology

• Carcinogenic agent: substance causing cancer.
• Precancerous lesion: lesion that may transform into cancer.
• Carcinoma: malignant cancer arising from epithelial cells (skin, organs, and glands).
• Sarcoma: malignant cancer arising from connective tissues (bone, muscle, cartilage, or fat).

Tumour Types

• Lipoma: benign tumor originating from fat.
• Fibroma: benign tumor originating from fibrous tissue.
• Myoma: benign tumor originating from muscle tissue.
• Osteosarcoma: malignant tumor originating from bone.

Diagnostic Procedures

• Biopsy: taking a tissue sample for examination:
  • Incisional: taking part of the tissue.
  • Excisional: removing the whole lesion.
  • Needle: extracting a small sample with a needle.

Cancer Treatment

• Curative: treatment to eliminate cancer completely.
• Palliative: treatment to lessen cancer symptoms.
• Chemotherapy: using anticancer drugs.
• Radiotherapy: using radiation.